Puruhára:Tatu guasu/Ñe'ẽndy 2

Paraguayan Guarani vocabulary from Estigarribia (2020):

Vocabulary

Guarani	English
Food
aratiku	‘chirimoya’
avakachi	‘pineapple’
avati	‘corn’
avatimirĩ	‘wheat’
chipa	‘small starch and cheese bread rolls’
chipa guasu	‘a kind or corn souffle with cheese’ (very different from chipa)
hi'apy	‘food, foodstuff’
jety	‘sweet potato’
jopara	‘corn and bean stew’
karatĩ	‘potato’
kumanda	‘beans’
kure ro'o	‘pork’
mamóne	‘papaya’
mandi'o	‘manioc’
manduvi	‘peanut’
mbeju	‘a starch and cheese flatbread’
mbokaja	‘coconut palm’
mbokaja'a	‘coconut’ (fruit)
mbujape	‘bread’
merõ	‘melon’
narã	‘orange’
pakova	‘banana’
pira	‘fish’
ryguasu ro'o	‘chicken’
sevói	‘onion’
sevoiry	‘garlic’
sópa paraguái	‘a kind of corn bread’ (note: despite the Spanish word ‘sopa’ in the name, this is not a soup)
takuare'ẽ	‘sugar cane’
tembi'u, rembi'u, hembi'u	‘food, meal’
týra	‘breads or sides to accompany a meal’
vaka ro'o	‘beef’
vori	‘a thick soup with cheese and cornmeal balls’
yva he'ẽ	‘watermelon’
yva	‘fruit; apple’
yvapytã	‘strawberry’
Body parts
ahy'o	‘throat’
ajúra	‘neck’
akã	‘head’
ape	‘back’
apysa	‘(inner) ear’
atĩ	‘temple’
ati'y	‘shoulder’
atúa	‘nape of the neck’
aty	‘temple’
áva	‘hair’
juru	‘mouth’
jyva	‘arm’
jyvanga	‘elbow’
káma	‘breast; nipple’
kangue	‘bone’
korasõ	‘heart’
kũ	‘tongue’
ku'a	‘waist’
kuã	‘finger’
kupy	‘shin’
nambi	‘(outer) ear’
ñe'ã	‘heart’
po	‘hand’
puru'ã	‘navel’
py	‘foot’
py'a	‘stomach; heart’
pyapy	‘wrist’
pysã	‘toe’
pyta	‘heel’
pytasã	‘Achilles tendon’
pytasãngue	‘ankle’
pyti'a	‘chest’
syva	‘forehead’
tague/rague/hague	‘hair’
tãi/rãi/hãi	‘tooth’
tãimbíra/rãimbíra/hãimbíra	‘gingiva, gum’
tako/rako/hako	‘vagina’
takuãi/rakuãi/hakuãi	‘penis’
tañykã/rañykã/hañykã	‘jaw, chin’
tapi'a/rapi'a/hapi'a	‘testicle; penis’
tapypa'ũ/rapypa'ũ/hapypa'ũ	‘lap (front part of lower trunk and thighs when seated)’
tatu	‘vulva’
tatypy/ratypy/hatypy	‘cheek’
ta'yĩ/ra'yĩ/ha'yĩ	‘testicle’
tembe/rembe/hembe	‘lip’
tembo/rembo/hembo	‘penis’
tendyva/rendyva/hendyva	‘beard’
tenymy'a/renymy'a/henymy'a	‘knee’
tenypy'ã/renypy'ã/henypy'ã	‘knee’
tesa/resa/hesa	‘eye’
tete/rete/hete	‘body’
tetyma/retyma/hetyma	‘leg’
tevi/revi/hevi	‘anus’
teviro'o/reviro'o/heviro'o	‘buttocks’
titi	‘nipple; breast’
tĩ	‘nose’
topea/ropea/hopea	‘eyelash’
tope(pi)/rope(pi)/hope(pi)	‘eyelid’
tova/rova/hova	‘face’
továi/rovái/hovái	‘forehead’
tuguy/ruguy/huguy	‘blood’
tumby/rumby/humby	‘hip’
tumbyro'o/rumbyro'o/humbyro'o	‘buttocks’
tye/rye/hye	‘abdomen, belly’
tyvyta	‘eyebrow’
uvã	‘thigh’
uvãkangue	‘femur’
Senses
apysa	‘hearing’
he'andupáva	‘taste’
hetũha	‘smell’
pokoandu	‘touch’
techapy	‘sight’
Numbers
peteĩ	1
mokõi	2
mbohapy	3
irundy	4
po	5
pa	10
sa	100
su	1,000
sua	1,000,000
Kinship terms
jarýi	‘grandmother’
jaryisy	‘great-grandmother’
kypy'y	‘a woman’s younger sister’
kyvy	‘a woman’s brother’
kyvyraty	‘a woman’s brother’s wife’
machu	‘grandmother’
memby	‘a woman’s child’
ména	‘husband’
menarã	‘boyfriend, fiancé’
ñembokiha	‘girlfriend’
óga(y)gua	‘relative; family’
sy	‘mother’
ta'ýra/ra'y/ita'ýra	‘a man’s son’
taita	‘father’
taitachu	‘great-grandfather’
taita guasu	‘grandfather’
tajýra/rajý/itajýra	‘a man’s daughter’
tamói/ramói/hamói	‘grandfather; ancestor’
teindy(ra)/reindy/heindy	‘a man’s sister’
tembireko/rembireko/hembireko	‘wife’
tembirekorã/rembirekorã/hembirekorã	‘fiancée’
temiarirõ/remiarirõ/hemiarirõ	‘grandchild’
tovaja/rovaja/hovaja	‘brother-in-law’
túva/ru/itúva	‘father’
tyke'y(ra)/ryke'y/hyke'y	‘a man’s older brother’
tyke(ra)/ryke/hyke	‘a woman’s older sister’
tyvýra/ryvy/ityvýra	‘a man’s younger brother’
tyvyraty/ryvyraty/ityvyraty	‘a younger brother’s wife’
uke'i	‘sister-in-law’
Animals
aguara	‘fox’
guasu(tĩ), guasuvira	‘deer’
jagua	‘dog’
jaguarete	‘tiger’
jatyta	‘snail’
karãu	‘ibis’
karumbe	‘tortoise’
kavaju	‘horse’
kavara	‘goat’
kure	‘pig’
kururu	‘frog; toad’
kyju	‘cricket’
leõ	‘lion’
mainumby	‘hummingbird’
mbarakaja	‘cat’
mberu	‘fly’
mbói	‘snake’
mborevi	‘tapir’
mburika	‘donkey’
mbyju'i	‘swallow’
muã	‘firefly’
mykurẽ	‘weasel’
ñakyrã	‘cicada’
ñati'ũ	‘mosquito’
ovecha	‘sheep’
panambi	‘butterfly’
pira	‘fish’
pykasu	‘pigeon’
ryguasu	‘chicken’
sañarõ	‘a kind of blue-green bee’
sevo'i	‘earthworm’
tahýi	‘ant’
tarave	‘cockroach’
tarekaja	‘turtle’
tatu	‘armadillo’
teju	‘lizard’
tuku	‘grasshopper’
vaka	‘cow’
ynambu	‘tinamou’
yso	‘caterpillar’
Time
General
angepyhare	‘last night’
ára	‘day’
arakue	‘during the day’
arapokõindy	‘week’
aravo	‘hora’
aravo'i	‘minute’
asaje	‘early afternoon’
asajekue	‘during the early afternoon’
asajepyte	‘noon’
jasy	‘month’ (literally, ‘moon’)
ka'aru	‘mid-afternoon’
ka'aruete	‘late afternoon’
ka'arukue	‘during mid-afternoon’
ka'arupytũ	‘dusk’
ka'arupytũvo	‘at dusk’
ko'ágã/ ko'ãga	‘now’
ko'ára	‘today’
ko'ẽambuéro	‘the day after tomorrow’
ko'ẽju	‘dawn’
ko'ẽmbota	‘on the verge of dawn’
ko'ẽro	‘tomorrow’
ko'etĩ	‘dawn’
kuehe ambue pyhare	‘the night before last night’
kuehe ambue	‘the day before yesterday’
kuehe	‘yesterday’
pyhare	‘night’
pyharekue	‘at night’
pyharepyte	‘midnight’
pyhareve	‘morning’
pyhareveasaje	‘from 10 a.m. to noon’
pyharevete	‘early morning’
Neologisms for the days of the week
arateĩ	‘Sunday’ (literally, ‘day one’)
arakõi	‘Monday’ (literally, ‘day two’)
araapy	‘Tuesday’ (literally, ‘day three’)
ararundy	‘Wednesday’ (literally, ‘day four’)
arapo	‘Thursday’ (literally, ‘day five’)
arapoteĩ	‘Friday’ (literally, ‘day six’)
arapokõi	‘Saturday’ (literally, ‘day seven’)
Neologisms for the months of the year
jasyteĩ	‘January’ (literally, ‘moon one’)
jasykõi	‘February’ (literally, ‘moon two’)
jasyapy	‘March’ (literally, ‘moon three’)
jasyrundy	‘April’ (literally, ‘moon four’)
jasypo	‘May’ (literally, ‘moon five’)
jasypoteĩ	‘June’ (literally, ‘moon six’)
jasypokõi	‘July’ (literally, ‘moon seven’)
jasypoapy	‘August’ (literally, ‘moon eight’)
jasyporundy	‘September’ (literally, ‘moon nine’)
jasypa	‘October’ (literally, ‘moon ten’)
jasypateĩ	‘November’ (literally, ‘moon eleven’)
jasypakõi	‘December’ (literally, ‘moon twelve’)
Dwelling
apyka	‘chair’
guapyha	‘chair’
inimbe	‘cot’
japepo	‘(mud) pot’
kagua	‘drinking-glass’
korapy	‘yard’
kosina	‘kitchen’
koty	‘room’
kuimbe	‘spoon’
kutuha	‘fork’
kypa	‘fork’
kyse	‘knife’
mesa	‘table’
ña'ẽmbe	‘plate’
óga/róga/hóga	‘house’
okẽ	‘door’
ovetã	‘window’
tapyĩ	‘native dwelling, hut’
tatakua	‘stove’
tatarupa	‘kitchen’
teko'a	‘hamlet’
tekoha	‘habitat of a Guarani group’
tenimbe/renimbe/henimbe	‘cot’
tupa/rupa/hupa	‘bed’
Colours
aky	‘green’
hũ	‘black’
hũngy	‘grey’
ka'irague	‘brown; chestnut’
morotĩ	‘white’
pytã	‘red’
pytã('y)ju	‘orange’
pytãngy	‘pink’
pytãrovy	‘lilac; purple’
pytaũ	‘purple’
pytũ	‘dark’
sa'yju	‘yellow’
tovy/hovy/rovy	‘blue; green’
tovyju/hovyju/rovyju	‘yellowish green’
tovy(ka)ngy/rovy(ka)ngy/hovy(ka)ngy	‘light blue’
tovyũ/rovyũ/hovyũ	‘(dark) green’
List of relational roots and morphemes
óga	‘house’
okẽ	‘door’
ovetã	‘window’
ta'anga	‘image’
ta'arõ	‘wait’
ta'ã	‘attempt; effort’
tague	‘hair’
tai	‘line; writing’
tái	‘tooth’
tãimbíra	‘gingiva, gum’
tãimbiti	‘teeth-clenching’
tãitarara	‘teeth-chattering’
taity	‘nest’
tajýra	‘daughter.of.father’ (rajý possm, itajýra possm3)
takã	‘tree branch’
tako	‘vagina’
taku	‘warmth’
takua	‘pointy’
takuãi	‘penis’
takuvo	‘sun glare’
takuvy	‘lukewarm’
tañyka	‘jaw, chin’
tape	‘road’
tapo	‘root’
tapy	‘burn’
tapykue	‘behind’
tapypa'ũ	‘lap (front part of lower trunk and thighs when seated)’
tasa	‘to pass, to cross’
tasẽ	‘cry’
taso	‘become full of maggots’
tasy	‘sickness; pain’
tata	‘fire’
tatatĩ	‘smoke’
tatypy	‘cheek’
taviju	‘fuzz, down, plush’ (cf. non-triform aviju ‘fuzz’)
tayhu	‘love’
ta'yĩ	‘testicle’
ta'ýra	‘son.of.father’ (ra'ý possm, ita'ýra possm3)
techa	‘sight’
techagi	‘neglect’
techakuaa	‘understanding’
techambi	‘suspicion’
techaramo	‘admiration’
techavoi	‘foreboding’
teindy	‘sister.of.male’
teja	‘abandonment’
teka	‘search’
teko	‘nature; essence; being; culture’
tekove	‘life, existence’
tekovia	‘replacement’
tekua	‘current; canal’
tekuaty	‘cavern’
tekýi	‘taking away’
tembe	‘lip’
tembiporu	‘utensil, tool’
tembi'u	‘food’
tembo	‘penis’
temby	‘surplus, excess, leftover’
temiandu	‘visit’
tenda	‘place’
tendu	‘listen’
tendy	‘saliva; fire; flame’
tendysyry	‘drool’
tendyva	‘beard’
tenimbe	‘cot’ (cf. non-triform inimbe ‘cot’)
tenimbo	‘thread’ (cf. non-triform inimbo ‘thread (not in relation to the creator of it)’)
tenói	‘call’
tenonde	‘in front of’
tenyhẽ	‘fullness’
tenymy'a	‘knee’
tenypy'ã	‘knee’
teñói	‘birth; sprout’
te'o	‘death’
te'õ	‘humid’
te'ongue	‘corpse’
tepy	‘price, value’
téra	‘name’
tero	‘nickname’
tesa	‘eye’
tesãi	‘health’
tesapara	‘difficulty’
tesape	‘light, clarity, illumination, ray of light’
tesarái	‘oblivion’
teta	‘quantity; many’
tetã	‘nation, country’
tete	‘body’
tetia'e	‘good humour’
tetũ	‘smell; kiss’
tetyma	‘leg’
tevi	‘anus’
teviro'o	‘buttocks’
te'yĩ	‘to scratch’
togue	‘leaf’
toky	‘sprout’
tope	‘(pea) pod; petal; eyelid’
topea	‘eyelash’
topehýi	‘sleepiness’
topepi	‘eyelid’
tory	‘bliss, joy’
tova	‘face’
továi	‘forehead’
tovaja	‘brother-in-law/sister-in-law’
tovasa	‘blessing’
tovy	‘blue’
to'o	‘meat’ (cf. non-triform so'o ‘meat (alienable)’)
to'y	‘cold’
to'ysã	‘coolness’
tu'ã	‘summit’
tuguy	‘blood’
tumby	‘hip’
tupa	‘bed’
tupã	‘god’
tupi'a	‘egg’
túva	‘father’ (ru possm, itúva possm3)
tuvicha	‘leader’
ty'ái	‘sweat’
tye	‘abdomen, belly’
tyjúi	‘bubble, froth’
tykue	‘juice; wet’
tymba	‘animal’ (cf. non-triform mymba ‘domesticated animal’)
Aireal verbs
ko'õ	‘to itch’
korocho'o	‘to smooth out’
kotevẽ	‘to need’
kuaa	‘to know’
kuatia	‘to write’
kutu	‘to pierce’
ky'o	‘to delouse’
kyra'o	‘to degrease’
kytĩ	‘to cut’
nupã	‘to beat’
papa	‘to count’
pete	‘to slap’
pichãi	‘to pinch’
pire'o	‘to skin’
poepy	‘to reward’
pohano	‘to cure’
pohéi	‘to wash (one’s) hands’
poka	‘to twist’
pokua	‘to tie (someone’s) hands’
pokuaa	‘to get someone used to something’
popete	‘to clap’
porangareko	‘to esteem, to respect, to admire’
poravo	‘to choose’
poriahuvereko	‘to feel pity’
poru	‘to use’
pota	‘to want’
pyhy	‘to grab’
pyso	‘to extend, to stretch’
pysyrõ	‘to save’
pyte	‘to suck’
pytyvõ	‘to help’
sambyhy	‘to guide, to govern’
su'u	‘to bite’
typei	‘to sweep’
tyvyro	‘to shake’

Bibliography

Dictionaries

• Ávalos Ocampos, Celso. 2017. Ñe'e˜ryruguasu (Gran diccionario) Guaraní-Español
• Español Guaraní. Asunción: El Lector. [In Spanish].
• Britton, A. Scott. 2005. Guaraní Concise Dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books.
• iGuarani. Online. http://www.iguarani.com/ (Guarani-Spanish).
• Krivoshein de Canese, Natalia, and Feliciano Acosta Alcaraz. 2018.
• Ñe'e˜ryru avañe'e˜-karaiñe'e˜ karaiñe'e˜-avañe'e˜. Diccionario guaraní-español español guaraní. Asunción: Instituto Superior de Lenguas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Colección Ñemity. [In Spanish].
• Professor Wolf Lustig’s Interactive Guarani Dictionary. Online: https://www.uni-mainz.de/cgi-bin/guarani2/dictionary.pl (Trilingual Guarani-Spanish-German).

Grammars and linguistic resources

• Ayala, José V. 1996. Gramática Guaraní. Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Educación y Cultura de la Nación de la República Argentina. [In Spanish].
• Krivoshein de Canese, Natalia, and Feliciano Acosta Alcaraz. 2007. Gramática guaraní. Asunción: Instituto Superior de Lenguas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción. [In Spanish].
• Liuzzi, Silvio M. 2006. Guaraní elemental: Vocabulario y gramática. Corrientes, Argentina: Moglia Ediciones. [In Spanish].
• Estigarribia, Bruno, and Justin Pinta. 2017. Guarani Linguistics in the 21st Century. Leiden: Brill.

External links

• Guarani Raity bookstore