Puruhára:Tatu guasu/Ñe'ẽndy
Ñe'ẽndy:
- Celsa Dávalos de Céspedes and Natalia Krivoshein de Canese. 2015. Guaraní dictionary. In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://ids.clld.org/contributions/290, Accessed on 2020-11-27.) [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.]
| Ingleñe'ẽ | Guarani (ñe'ẽpukuaa) | Guaraní (ñe'ẽpuandu) |
|---|---|---|
| world | arapy | arapɨ |
| earth, land | yvyape | ɨvɨ-ape |
| earth=ground, soil | yvy | ɨvɨ |
| dust | yvytimbo | ɨvɨ-tiᵐbo |
| mud | ñay'ũ; tuju | ɲaɨʔũ; tuǰu |
| sand | yvyku'i | ɨvɨ-kuʔi |
| mountain, hill | yvyty | ɨvɨ-tɨ |
| cliff, precipice | yvy'ã | ɨvɨ-ʔã |
| plain, field | joja; ñu | ǰoǰa; ɲu |
| valley | yvytypa'ũ | ɨvɨ-tɨ-paʔũ |
| island | ypa'ũ; ñupa'ũ | ɨ-paʔũ; ɲu-paʔũ |
| mainland | yvy guasu; yvyvusu | ɨvɨ ɣʷasu; ɨvɨ-vusu |
| shore | tembe'y; yrembe'y | t-eᵐbeʔɨ; ɨ-reᵐbeʔɨ |
| cave | itakua | ita-kua |
| water | y | ɨ |
| sea | para | para |
| calm (of sea) | py'aguapy; yvytupore'ỹ | pɨʔaɣʷapɨ; ɨvɨ-tuporeʔɨ̃ |
| rough (of sea) | kuchu | kuču |
| foam | ty'jui | t-ɨ'ǰui |
| ocean | paraguasu | para-ɣʷasu |
| lake | yrenda; ypa | ɨreⁿda; ɨpa |
| gulf, bay | y'apyte | ɨʔapɨte |
| lagoon | yrupa; yno'õ | ɨrupa; ɨ-noʔõ |
| reef | ita ypegua | ita ɨpeɣʷa |
| headland, point | yvyakã | ɨvɨ-akã |
| wave | ypu'ã; yapeno | ɨ-puʔã; ɨ-apeno |
| tide | parasyry | para-sɨrɨ |
| lowtide | paraguejy | paraɣʷeǰɨ |
| hightide | para jupi | para ǰupi |
| river, stream, brook | ysyry | ɨ-sɨrɨ |
| whirlpool | jepyvu; yjere | ǰepɨvu; ɨ-ǰere |
| spring, well | ykua; yvu; yvykua | ɨ-kua; ɨvu; ɨvɨ-kua |
| swamp | yvy'y; karugua | ɨvɨʔɨ; karuɣʷa |
| waterfall | yje'aha; ytu | ɨ-ǰeʔaha; ɨ-tu |
| woods, forest | ka'aguy | kaʔa-ɣʷɨ |
| tree (cf 08.600) | yvyra; yvyra'mata | ɨvɨra; ɨvɨra-'mata |
| wood | yvyra | ɨvɨra |
| stone, rock | ita | ita |
| earthquake | yvyry'ryi | ɨvɨ-rɨ'rɨi |
| sky | y'vaga | ɨ'vaɣa |
| sun | kuarahy | kuarahɨ |
| moon | jasy | ǰasɨ |
| star | mbyja | ᵐbɨǰa |
| lightning | aratiri | aratiri |
| thunder | sunu | sunu |
| lightning (as striking) | aravera | ara-vera |
| storm | arapochy; aravai | ara-počɨ; ara-vai |
| rainbow | jyiva; jui | ǰɨiva; 'ǰui |
| light (noun) | tesape; tendy | tesape; t-eⁿdɨ |
| darkness | pytũ | pɨtũ |
| shade, shadow | kuarahy'ã; ã | kuarahɨʔã; ã |
| dew | ysapy | ɨsapɨ |
| air | yvytu; pytu | ɨvɨtu; pɨtu |
| wind | yvytu | ɨvɨtu |
| cloud | arai | arai |
| fog | tatatina; araipytu | t-ata-tina; araipɨtu |
| rain (noun) | ama | ama |
| snow (noun) | amangu'iro'y; yrypy'a | amaŋuʔiroʔɨ; ɨrɨpɨʔa |
| ice | yatã; yrypy'a | ɨatã; ɨ-rɨpɨʔa |
| weather | ara | ara |
| fire | tata | t-ata |
| flame (noun) | tatarendy | t-ata-r-eⁿdɨ |
| smoke (noun) | tata'tĩ; timbo | t-ata'tĩ; tiᵐbo |
| ashes | tanimbu | taniᵐbu |
| embers | tatapỹi | t-ata-pɨ̃i |
| burn (vb trans) | kai; hapy | kai; h-apɨ |
| burn (vb intrans) | hendy | h-eⁿdɨ |
| light, kindle, ignite | myandy; myendy; jatapy | mɨaⁿdɨ; mɨeⁿdɨ; ǰatapɨ |
| extinguish | mbogue | ᵐboɣʷe |
| match (noun) | tatame'ẽha | t-ata-meʔẽha |
| firewood | jepe'a | ǰepeʔa |
| charcoal | tata'pỹi | t-ata-'pɨ̃i |
| person, human being | ava; mava; tekove | ava; 'mava; tekove |
| man (vs. woman) | ava; kuimba'e | ava; kuiᵐbaʔe |
| woman | kuña | kuɲa |
| male | kuimba'e | kuiᵐbaʔe |
| female | kuña | kuɲa |
| boy | mitãkuimba'e | mitã-kuiᵐbaʔe |
| young man (adolescent) | mitãrusu; karia'y | mitãrusu; kariaʔɨ |
| girl | mitãkuña; mitãkuña'i | mitã-kuɲa; mitã-kuɲaʔi |
| young woman (adolescent) | mitãkuñaguasu; kuñataĩ | mitã-kuɲa-ɣʷasu; kuɲa-taĩ |
| child | mitã | mitã |
| infant, baby | mitã; mitãkuimba'e; kunumi | mitã; mitã-kuiᵐbaʔe; kunumi |
| husband | mena | mena |
| wife | tembireko | t-eᵐbireko |
| marry | ñembojuaju; menda | ɲeᵐboǰuaǰu; meⁿda |
| marriage, wedding | menda | meⁿda |
| divorce | jopoi | ǰopoi |
| father | tuva | tuva |
| mother | sy | sɨ |
| parents | tuva'kuera | tuva'kuera |
| married man | kuimba'e ome'ndava | kuiᵐbaʔe ome'ⁿdava |
| married woman | kuña ome'ndava | kuɲa ome'ⁿdava |
| son | membykuimba'e | meᵐbɨ-kuiᵐbaʔe |
| daughter | membykuña | meᵐbɨ-kuɲa |
| offspring (son or daughter) | che memby kuimba'e; che memby kuña | če meᵐbɨ kuiᵐbaʔe; če meᵐbɨ kuɲa |
| brother | tykeyra; pehengue | tɨke'ʔɨra; pehenɣʷe |
| older brother | che ryke'y; che kyvy | če rɨkeʔɨ; če kɨvɨ |
| younger brother | che ryvy; che ryke; kyvy michĩ'veva | če rɨvɨ; če rɨke; kɨvɨ mičĩ'veva |
| sister | tei'ndyra; pehengue | t-ei'ⁿdɨra; pehenɣʷe |
| older sister | ryke; ty'kera | rɨke; t-ɨ'kera |
| younger sister | che kypy'y; kypy'y | če kɨpɨʔɨ; kɨpɨʔɨ |
| sibling | pehẽngue | pehẽŋʷe |
| twins | mitãkõi; kõi; membykõi | mitãkõi; kõi; meᵐbɨ-kõi |
| grandfather | taita; taitaguasu | taita; taita-ɣʷasu |
| old man | karai tuja; tuja; lekaja | karai tuǰa; tuǰa; lekaǰa |
| grandmother | ja'ryi | ǰa'rɨi |
| old woman | kuña guãiguĩ; nguaingui | kuɲa ɣʷãiɣʷĩ; ŋʷaiŋʷi |
| grandson | temiarirõ | t-emiarirõ |
| granddaughter | temiarirõ | t-emiarirõ |
| uncle | che pehẽngue mena; (tio) | če pehẽŋʷe 'mena; [tio] |
| mother's brother | sy kyvy | sɨ kɨvɨ |
| father's brother | tua ryke'y ty'vyra | tua rɨkeʔɨ- tɨ'vɨra |
| aunt | sy'yky | sɨʔɨkɨ |
| mother's sister | sy ryke | sɨ rɨke |
| father's sister | tua reindy | tua reiⁿdɨ |
| nephew | pehengue ra'y; pehengue memby | peheŋʷe raʔɨ; peheŋʷe meᵐbɨ |
| niece | pehengue rajy; pehengue memby | peheŋʷe raǰɨ; peheŋʷe meᵐbɨ |
| cousin | sykypy'ymemby | sɨkɨpɨʔɨ-meᵐbɨ |
| ancestors | tamõi | t-amõi |
| descendants | ñemoñare | ɲemoɲare |
| father-in-law (of a man) | me'nduva | me'ⁿduva |
| father-in-law (of a woman) | mendy; ratyu | meⁿdɨ; r-atɨu |
| mother-in-law (of a man) | tembirekosy; raycho | t-eᵐbirekosɨ; r-aɨčo |
| mother-in-law (of a woman) | menasy; mesy | menasɨ; me-sɨ |
| son-in-law (of a man) | ta'jyra mena; rajyme | ta'ǰɨra 'mena; r-aǰɨ-me |
| son-in-law (of a woman) | memby'mena; membyme | meᵐbɨ-'mena; meᵐbɨ-me |
| daughter-in-law (of a man) | ta'yra rembireko; ra'ytaty | taʔɨra reᵐbireko; raʔɨ-tatɨ |
| daughter-in-law (of a woman) | memby rembireko; membytaty | meᵐbɨ reᵐbireko; meᵐbɨ-tatɨ |
| stepfather | tuanga; tuvanga | tuaŋa; 'tuva-ᵑga |
| stepmother | syanga; syanga | sɨaŋa; sɨ-aᵑga |
| stepson | tayranga; membyanga | t-a'ʔɨra-ŋa; meᵐbɨaŋa |
| stepdaughter | ta'jyranga; membyanga | t-a'ǰɨra-ŋa; meᵐbɨaŋa |
| orphan | tyre'ỹ | tɨreʔɨ̃ |
| widow | imenave'ỹva; menave'ỹ | i-mena-veʔɨ̃va; mena-ve-ʔɨ̃ |
| widower | hembirekove'ỹva; tembirekove'ỹ | h-eᵐbireko-veʔɨ̃va; t-eᵐbireko-veʔɨ̃ |
| relatives, kinsmen | pehengue; (hente)'kuera | peheŋʷe; ['hente]-'kuera |
| family | ogapegua | oɣa-pe-ɣʷa |
| I | che | če |
| you (singular) | nde | ⁿde |
| he/she/it | ha'e | haʔe |
| we | ha'e ~ ha'e chupe | haʔe ~ haʔe čupe |
| we (inclusive) | ñande | ɲaⁿde |
| we (exclusive) | ore | ore |
| you (plural) | peẽ | peẽ |
| they | ha'e'kuera | haʔe-'kuera |
| animal | tymba | t-ɨᵐba |
| male (adj) | kuimba'e; me; (macho) | kuiᵐbaʔe; me; ['mačo] |
| female (adj) | kuña | kuɲa |
| livestock | tymba; tymba'kuera | tɨᵐba; t-ɨᵐba-'kuera |
| pasture | kapi'ipety; ñu | kapiʔipetɨ; ɲu |
| herdsman | mymbarerekua | mɨᵐbarerekua |
| stable, stall | mymbarenda; (kora) | mɨᵐbareⁿda; [kora] |
| cattle (bovine) | (tropa); (vaka)'kuera | ['tropa]; [vaka]-'kuera |
| bull | (vaka)me; (toro) | [vaka]me; ['toro] |
| ox | (guei) | ['ɣʷei] |
| cow | (vaka) | [vaka] |
| calf | (vaka)ra'y | [vaka]-raʔɨ |
| sheep | (oveša) | [oveša] |
| ram | (oveša)me | [oveša]-me |
| ewe | (oveša) | [oveša] |
| lamb | (oveša)ra'y | [oveša]-raʔɨ |
| boar | kureka'aguy | kure-kaʔaɣʷɨ |
| sow (2) | tajasu; kurekuña | taǰasu; kure-kuɲa |
| pig | kure; tajasu | kure; taǰasu |
| goat | (kavara) | [kavara] |
| he-goat | (kavara)me | [kavara]-me |
| kid | (kavara)ra'y | [kavara]-raʔɨ |
| horse (equine) | (kavaju) | [kavaǰu] |
| stallion | (kavaju)ru; (ko'hudo) | [kavaǰu]ru; [ko'hudo] |
| mare | (kavaju)kuña; (jegua) | [kavaǰu]kuɲa; ['ǰeɣʷa] |
| foal, colt | (kavaju)ra'y | [kavaǰu]-raʔɨ |
| ass, donkey | (vuro) | [vuro] |
| mule | (mburika) | [ᵐburika] |
| fowl | guyra | ɣʷɨra |
| cock, rooster | kupyju | kupɨǰu |
| hen | ryguasu | rɨɣʷasu |
| chicken | ryguasura'y | rɨɣʷasu-raʔɨ |
| goose | garimbe | ɣariᵐbe |
| duck | ype | ɨpe |
| nest | raity; tupa; taity | r-aitɨ; tupa; t-aitɨ |
| bird | guyra | ɣʷɨra |
| seagull | atĩ; guyratĩ | atĩ; ɣuɨratĩ |
| heron | hoko | hoko |
| eagle | taguato | taɣʷato |
| hawk | taguato; kirikiri | taɣʷato; kiri-kiri |
| vulture | yryvu | ɨrɨvu |
| bat | mbopi | ᵐbopi |
| parrot | tu'ĩ para; gua'a | tuʔĩ para; ɣʷaʔa |
| crow | yryvu | ɨrɨvu |
| dove | pykasu; jeruti | pɨkasu; ǰeruti |
| owl | urukure'a; ñakurutũ; kavure | urukureʔa; ɲakurutũ; kavure |
| dog | jagua | ǰaɣʷa |
| rabbit | tapiti | tapiti |
| cat | mbarakaja | ᵐbarakaǰa |
| opossum | mykurẽ | mɨkurẽ |
| mouse, rat | anguja | aŋuǰa |
| fish | pira | pira |
| fin (dorsal) | pirapepo | pira-pepo |
| fishscale | pirapire | pira-pire |
| gill | piraapekũ | pira-apekũ |
| shell | ape; yta | ape; ɨta |
| shark | ||
| porpoise, dolphin | ||
| whale | ||
| stingray | jave'vui; jave'vyi | ǰave'vui; ǰave'vɨi |
| freshwater eel | mbusu | ᵐbusu |
| wolf | jaguarundi; aguaraguasu | ǰaɣʷaruⁿdi; aɣʷara-ɣʷasu |
| lion | jaguapytã; (leõ) | ǰaɣʷa-pɨtã; [leõ] |
| bear | ||
| fox | aguara; aguara'i | aɣʷara; aɣʷaraʔi |
| deer | guasu | ɣʷasu |
| monkey | ka'i; karaja | kaʔi; karaǰa |
| elephant | ||
| camel | ||
| insect | yso; mo'ñai; (vicho) | ɨso; mo'ɲai; ['vičo] |
| louse | ky | kɨ |
| nit (louse egg) | kyrupi'a | kɨ-rupiʔa |
| flea | tũnngusu | tũnᵑgusu |
| centipede | ambu'a | aᵐbuʔa |
| scorpion | japeusa | ǰapeusa |
| cockroach | tarave | tarave |
| ant | ta'hyi | ta'hɨi |
| spider | ñandu | ɲaⁿdu |
| spider web | ñandurenimbo; ñanduti | ɲaⁿdu-reniᵐbo; ɲaⁿdu-ti |
| bee | eiru | eiru |
| beeswax | araity | araitɨ |
| beehive | eiruraity | eiru-raitɨ |
| wasp | kava | kava |
| fly | mberu | ᵐberu |
| sandfly (midge), gnat | ñetĩ; mbarigui | ɲetĩ; ᵐbariɣʷi |
| mosquito | ñati'ũ | ɲatiʔũ |
| worm | sevo'i | sevoʔi |
| snake | mboi | ᵐboi |
| firefly | muã; ysoindy | muã; ɨsoiⁿdɨ |
| butterfly | panambi | panaᵐbi |
| grasshopper | tuku | tuku |
| snail | jatyta; jatevu | ǰatɨta; ǰatevu |
| frog | ju'i | ǰuʔi |
| lizard | ambere | aᵐbere |
| crocodile, alligator | jakare | ǰakare |
| turtle | karumbe | karuᵐbe |
| body | tete | t-ete |
| skin, hide | pire | pire |
| flesh | to'o | t-oʔo |
| hair (head) | tague | t-aɣʷe |
| beard | tendyva | t-eⁿdɨva |
| body hair | tague | t-aɣʷe |
| pubic hair | tambeypy rague; takambyrage | taᵐbeɨpɨ raɣʷe; t-akaᵐbɨ-raɣe |
| dandruff | apiku'i | apikuʔi |
| blood | tuguy | t-uɣʷɨ |
| vein, artery | tuguy rape | tuɣʷɨ rape |
| bone | kãngue | kãᵑɣʷe |
| rib | ñarukã | ɲarukã |
| horn | tatĩ; akãratĩ | t-atĩ; akã-ratĩ |
| tail | tuguai | t-uɣʷai |
| back | ape; atukupe | ape; atukupe |
| spine | apekangue | ape-kaᵑɣʷe |
| head | akã | akã |
| side of head, temple | aty | atɨ |
| skull | kãnguekue; akakangue | kãŋʷekue; aka-kaŋʷe |
| brain | apytu'ũ | apɨtuʔũ |
| face | tova | t-ova |
| forehead | syva | sɨva |
| jaw | tañykã | t-aɲɨkã |
| cheek | tatypy | t-atɨpɨ |
| chin | tañykã | taɲɨkã |
| eye | tesa | t-esa |
| eyebrow | tyvyta | t-ɨvɨta |
| eyelid | topepi | t-opepi |
| eyelash | topea | t-opea |
| blink | tesapirĩ | t-esa-pirĩ |
| ear | nambi | naᵐbi |
| earlobe | nambi'a'pyra | naᵐbi-ʔa'pɨra |
| earwax | apysa raity | apɨsa raitɨ |
| nose | tĩ; apyngua | tĩ; apɨᵑgʷa |
| nostril | tĩ'kuara; apynguakua | tĩ-'kuara; apɨᵑɣʷa-kua |
| mucus (nasal) | a'mbyu | a'ᵐbɨu |
| mouth | juru | ǰuru |
| beak | tĩ; guyratĩ | tĩ; ɣʷɨratĩ |
| lip | tembe | t-eᵐbe |
| tongue | kũ | kũ |
| tooth | tãi | t-ãi |
| gums | tãimbira; e'mbira | t-ãiᵐbira; e'ᵐbira |
| molartooth | tãiguasu; tãigue'a | tãi-ɣʷasu; tãi-ɣʷeʔa |
| neck | a'jura | a'ǰura |
| nape of neck | a'tua | a'tua |
| throat | ahy'o | ahɨʔo |
| shoulder | ati'y | atiʔɨ |
| shoulderblade | atukupe; ati'ykange | atukupe; atiʔɨ-kaᵑge |
| collarbone | pyti'akã'ypy | pɨtiʔakãʔɨpɨ |
| arm | jyva | ǰɨva |
| armpit | jyvaguy | ǰɨva-ɣʷɨ |
| elbow | jyvanga; teñyvanga | ǰɨva-ᵑga; t-eɲɨvaᵑga |
| wrist | pyapy | pɨapɨ |
| hand | po | po |
| palm of hand | popyte | po-pɨte |
| finger | kuã | kuã |
| thumb | kuã guasu; kuãnguasu | kuã ɣʷasu; kuãᵑguasu |
| fingernail | pyapẽ; pysãpe | pɨapẽ; pɨsãpe |
| claw | pyapẽ; pysapẽ | pɨapẽ; pɨsapẽ |
| leg | tetyma | t-etɨma |
| thigh | tetyma; tumby; uva | tetɨma; t-uᵐbɨ; 'uva |
| calf of leg | tetymaro'o | t-etɨma-roʔo |
| knee | penarã; tenypy'ã | penarã; t-enɨpɨʔã |
| foot | py | pɨ |
| ankle | pyñuã | pɨ-ɲuã |
| heel | pyta | pɨ-ta |
| footprint | pypore; pore | pɨ-pore; pore |
| toe | pysã | pɨ-sã |
| wing | pepo | pepo |
| feather | tague | t-aɣʷe |
| chest | pyti'a | pɨtiʔa |
| breast (of woman) | kama | kama |
| nipple, teat | kama; kama apyi; kama'mbyi | kama; kama apɨi; kama'ᵐbɨi |
| udder | kama | kama |
| navel | puru'ã | puruʔã |
| heart | ñe'ã; py'a | ɲeʔã; pɨʔa |
| lung | ñe'ã ve'vui; ve'vyi | ɲeʔã ve'vui; ve'vɨi |
| liver | mby'a | ᵐbɨʔa |
| kidney | pitikiri'i | pitikiriʔi |
| spleen | perevy | perevɨ |
| stomach | ku'a; py'a | kuʔa; pɨʔa |
| intestines, guts | tyekue; tye | t-ɨekue; t-ɨe |
| waist | ku'a | kuʔa |
| hip | tumbyky; tumby | t-uᵐbɨkɨ; t-uᵐbɨ |
| buttocks | tevi | t-evi |
| womb | membyryru | meᵐbɨ-rɨru |
| testicle | ta'yi | t-aʔɨi |
| penis | tembo | t-eᵐbo |
| breathe, breath | pytu; pytuhẽ | pɨtu; pɨtu-hẽ |
| yawn, gape | jejurupeka; jejurupe'a | ǰe-ǰurupeka; ǰe-ǰuru-peʔa |
| hiccough | jo'joi | ǰo'ǰoi |
| cough | hu'u | huʔu |
| sneeze | atĩa | atĩa |
| perspire | tyai | t-ɨ'ʔai |
| spit | ndivu | ⁿdivu |
| vomit | gue'ẽ | ɣʷeʔẽ |
| bite | su'u | suʔu |
| lick | he'rei | he'rei |
| dribble | rendysyry | r-eⁿdɨ-sɨrɨ |
| sleep | ke | ke |
| snore | kerambu | keraᵐbu |
| dream | kerasy; ke | kerasɨ; ke |
| wake up | pay | paɨ |
| break wind | pyno | pɨno |
| urinate | kuaru | kuaru |
| defecate | poti; (kaka) | poti; [kaka] |
| have sexual intercourse | poreno; je'u | poreno; ǰeʔu |
| shiver | ry'ryi | rɨ'rɨi |
| bathe | jahu; mbojahu | ǰahu; ᵐboǰahu |
| beget (of father) | moñemoña; moñepyrũ | moɲemoɲa; moɲepɨrũ |
| born (to be) | te'ñoi; a | t-e'ɲoi; a |
| pregnant | ipuru'a; tyeguasu | ipuruʔa; t-ɨe-ɣʷasu |
| conceive | ñemoña | ɲemoɲa |
| live, living, life | (ai)kove; (ai)ko; tekove | (ai)kove; (ai)ko; t-ekove |
| die, dead | mano | mano |
| drowned | ho'yguy | hoʔɨɣʷɨ |
| kill | juka | ǰuka |
| corpse | te'ongue | t-eʔoᵑgʷe |
| bury (the dead) | ñotỹ | ɲotɨ̃ |
| grave, tomb | tyvy | t-ɨvɨ |
| strong, mighty, powerful | hatã; mbarete | hatã; ᵐbarete |
| weak | kangy | kaŋɨ |
| well, health | hesãi; tesãi | h-esãi; t-esãi |
| sick, sickness | ha'syva; tasy | ha'sɨva; t-asɨ |
| fever | akãnundu | akãnuⁿdu |
| goiter | ju'ái | ǰu'ʔai |
| cold (catarrh) | ahy'opararã; tĩsyry | ahɨʔo-pararã; tĩ-sɨrɨ |
| wound, sore | ñekytĩpore; ai; jejapi | ɲekɨtĩpore; ai; ǰeǰapi |
| bruise | ñehunga | ɲehuᵑga |
| swelling | mbovu; apeno; ruru | ᵐbovu; apeno; ruru |
| itch | te'mõi | t-e'mõi |
| blister | mbiru'a; apiru'a | ᵐbiruʔa; apiruʔa |
| boil (noun) | jati'i | ǰatiʔi |
| pus | peu | peu |
| scar | mbore; pere | ᵐbore; pere |
| cure, heal | monguera; pohano; kuera | moŋʷera; pohano; kuera |
| physician | pohanohára | pohano'hara |
| medicine, drug | pohã | pohã |
| poison | pohã jukaha; pohãjuka; pohãi | pohã ǰukaha; pohã-ǰuka; pohãi |
| tired, weary | ikane'õ; kane'õ | ikaneʔõ; kaneʔõ |
| rest | pytu'u | pɨtuʔu |
| lazy | ate'ỹ; kaigue; kangy | ateʔɨ̃; kaiɣʷe; kaŋɨ |
| bald | akãperõ | akã-perõ |
| lame | ikarẽva; karẽ; parĩ | ikarẽva; karẽ; parĩ |
| deaf | apysatũ; apysa'ỹ | apɨsatũ; apɨsaʔɨ̃ |
| mute | ñe'ẽngu | ɲeʔẽᵑgu |
| blind | techa'ỹ | t-ečaʔɨ̃ |
| intoxicated | ka'u | kaʔu |
| naked, bare | o'pivo; ao'y | o'pivo; aoʔɨ |
| eat | u; karu | u; karu |
| food | tembi'u | t-eᵐbiʔu |
| cooked | jygue; mi'moi | ǰɨɣʷe; mi'moi |
| raw | pyra | pɨra |
| ripe | hi'aju; aju | hiʔaǰu; aǰu |
| green, unripe | hi'aky; peky | hiʔ-akɨ; pekɨ |
| rotten | ituju; tuju | ituǰu; tuǰu |
| drink | u; y'u | u; ɨ-ʔu |
| hunger | ñembya'hyi; vare'a | ɲeᵐbɨa'hɨi; vareʔa |
| famine | ñembya'hyi | ɲeᵐbɨa'hɨi |
| thirst | yu'hei; y'u'hei | ɨu'hei; ɨʔu'hei |
| suck | pyte; kambu | pɨte; kaᵐbu |
| chew | ñamindu'u; su'u | ɲamiⁿduʔu; suʔu |
| swallow | mokõ | mokõ |
| choke | pytujoko | pɨtu-ǰoko |
| cook | mbojy | ᵐboǰɨ |
| boil (vb) | pupu; mbopupu | pupu; ᵐbo-pupu |
| roast, fry | moka'ẽ; hesy; chyryry | mokaʔẽ; hesɨ; čɨrɨrɨ |
| bake | tataku'ape ñembojy | tata-ku'ape ɲe-ᵐboǰɨ |
| oven | tatakua | t-ata-kua |
| pot, cooking vessel | japepo | ǰapepo |
| kettle | okendavoka | okeⁿdavoka |
| pan | ña'ẽpyrũ | ɲaʔẽpɨrũ |
| dish | ña'ẽmbe | ɲaʔẽᵐbe |
| plate | ña'ẽmbe | ɲaʔẽ-ᵐbe |
| bowl | ña'ẽ | ɲaʔẽ |
| pitcher, jug | kambuchi | kaᵐbuči |
| cup, drinking vessel | kagua | kaɣʷa |
| saucer | ña'ẽchararã | ɲaʔẽčararã |
| spoon | kuipe | kuipe |
| knife (2) | kyse | kɨse |
| fork (2) | kypa | kɨpa |
| tongs | kypa | kɨpa |
| meal (a) | tembi'u | t-eᵐbiʔu |
| breakfast | rambosaguã; rammbosarã | raᵐbosa-ɣʷã; raᵐmbosa-rã |
| lunch | karu; karuasaje | karu; karu-asaǰe |
| dinner | karu; tembi'u | karu; teᵐbiʔu |
| supper | karupyhare | karu-pɨhare |
| peel | pire; pire'o | pire; pire-ʔo |
| sieve, strain | mbogua | ᵐboɣʷa |
| scrape | karãi; popĩ | karãi; popĩ |
| stir, mix | mbokacha; mbojehe'a | ᵐbo-kača; ᵐboǰeheʔa |
| bread | chipa; mbujape | čipa; ᵐbuǰape |
| dough | mba'ehu'ũ; mbujaperã | ᵐbaʔe-huʔũ; ᵐbuǰaperã |
| knead | mbojehe'a; (sova) | ᵐboǰeheʔa; [sova] |
| meal, flour | avatimiriku'i; hu'itĩ | ava-timirikuʔi; huʔitĩ |
| crush, grind | joso; mongu'i | ǰoso; moŋuʔi |
| mill | mongu'iha | moŋuʔiha |
| mortar (2) | angu'a | aŋuʔa |
| pestle | avatisoka | avatisoka |
| meat | so'o | soʔo |
| sausage | mbusi'a; (vuti'farra) | ᵐbusiʔa; [vuti'farra] |
| soup, broth | jukysy | ǰukɨsɨ |
| vegetables | ka'avo | kaʔavo |
| bean | kumanda | kumaⁿda |
| potato | jety | ǰetɨ |
| fruit | a; yva | a; ɨva |
| bunch | apesã | apesã |
| fig | guapo'y | ɣʷapoʔɨ |
| grape | (parral)'a | [parral]-ʔa |
| nut | manduvi | maⁿduvi |
| olive | taruma'a | tarumaʔa |
| oil | ñandyry | ɲaⁿdɨrɨ |
| grease, fat | ñandy; kyrakue | ɲaⁿdɨ; kɨra-kue |
| salt | juky | ǰukɨ |
| pepper | ky'ỹi | kɨʔɨ̃i |
| chili pepper | ky'ỹi; kumbari | kɨʔɨ̃i; kuᵐbari |
| honey | e'ira | e'ira |
| sugar | (asuka) | [asuka] |
| milk (noun) | kamby | kaᵐbɨ |
| milk (vb) | ñami | ɲami |
| cheese | kambyrypy'a; (kesu) | kaᵐbɨrɨpɨʔa; [kesu] |
| butter | kambykyratã | kaᵐbɨkɨratã |
| beverage, drink | jey'urã | ǰe-ɨʔu-rã |
| mead | ye'ira; (a'loha) | ɨe'ira; [a'loha] |
| wine | kaguy | kaɣʷɨ |
| beer | kaguy | kaɣʷɨ |
| fermented drink | jey'urã raguyno | ǰeɨʔurã raɣʷɨno |
| egg | tupi'a; ryguasurupi'a | t-upiʔa; rɨɣʷasu-rupiʔa |
| egg yolk | tupi'a pytãngue; rupi'apytãngy | t-upiʔa pɨtãᵑɣʷe; rupiʔa-pɨtã-ŋɨ |
| put on (clothes) | ñemonde; ñamonde; monde | ɲemoⁿde; ɲa-moⁿde; moⁿde |
| clothing, clothes | ao | ao |
| tailor | aoapoha | ao-apoha |
| cloth | pyahapyre; poyvi | pɨahapɨre; poɨvi |
| wool | chara; (ovecha)rague | čara; [oveča]-raɣʷe |
| linen, flax | ka'avo inimborã | kaʔavo iniᵐborã |
| cotton | mandyju | maⁿdɨǰu |
| silk | ysomandyju | ɨsomaⁿdɨǰu |
| felt | ||
| fur | huguare; pi; pire; pirekue | huɣʷare; pi; pire; pire-kue |
| leather | pire; (vaka)pi | pire; [vaka]-pi |
| spin | povã | povã |
| spindle | he'ỹ | heʔɨ̃ |
| weave | pyaha | pɨaha |
| loom | aoapoha; (tera); aovyta | aoapoha; [tera]; ao-vɨta |
| sew | mbovyvy | ᵐbovɨvɨ |
| needle | ju | ǰu |
| awl | kutuha | kutuha |
| thread | inimbo; tenimbo | iniᵐbo; t-eniᵐbo |
| dye | mongolo | moᵑgolo |
| cloak | jaho'iha | ǰahoʔiha |
| poncho | ahoja; (põcho) | ahoǰa; [põčo] |
| woman's dress | ao; sai | ao; 'sai |
| coat | ñuãha; ahoja | ɲuãha; ahoǰa |
| shirt | (kamisa) | [kamisa] |
| collar | a'jura | a'ǰura |
| skirt | sai | sai |
| grass-skirt | ||
| trousers | (kasõ) | [kasõ] |
| stocking, sock | pyao | pɨ-ao |
| shoe | (sapatu) | [sapatu] |
| boot | (sapatu)puku | [sapatu]puku |
| shoemaker, cobbler | (sapatu)apoha | [sapatu]apoha |
| hat, cap | akãrehegua; akãngao | akãreheɣʷa; akãŋao |
| belt, girdle | chumbe; ku'akuaha; ku'akua | čuᵐbe; kuʔakuaha; kuʔakua |
| glove | poñuvã | poɲuvã |
| veil | ahoja | ahoǰa |
| vona | vona | |
| button | akytã; (votõ) | akɨtã; [votõ] |
| pin | ju iña'kãva | ǰu iɲa'kãva |
| ornament, adornment | jeguaka | ǰeɣʷaka |
| jewel | jeguaka | ǰeɣʷaka |
| ring (for finger) | kuãirũ | kuãirũ |
| bracelet | pyapyrehegua; py'apykyja | pɨapɨreheɣʷa; pɨʔapɨkɨǰa |
| necklace | mbo'y | ᵐboʔɨ |
| bead | kuru; ai; mbo'y; po'y | kuru; ai; ᵐboʔɨ; poʔɨ |
| earring | nami'chai; namichãi | nami'čai; namičãi |
| headband, headdress | ava jokoha | ava ǰokoha |
| tattoo | pini | pini |
| handkerchief, rag | ao'i | aoʔi |
| towel | mokãha | mokãha |
| comb | kygua | kɨɣʷa |
| brush | karãiha | karãiha |
| braid | ñopẽ | ɲopẽ |
| razor | tendyvakytĩha | teⁿdɨvakɨtĩha |
| ointment | ñandy | ɲaⁿdɨ |
| soap | (havõ) | [havõ] |
| mirror | itangecha | itaŋeča |
| dwell, live | (ai) ko; iko | (ai) ko; iko |
| house | oga | oɣa |
| hut | guataha; tapỹi; tapere | ɣʷataha; tapɨ̃i; tapere |
| garden-house | ka'a roga | kaʔa 'r-oɣa |
| tent | tapỹi | tapɨ̃i |
| yard, court | o'kara; (kora)py | o'kara; [kora]pɨ |
| men's house | oga kuimba'e renda | oɣa kuiᵐbaʔe reⁿda |
| cookhouse | tataypy | t-ata-ɨpɨ |
| meeting house | oga atyha; aty'roga | oɣa atɨha; atɨ-'r-oɣa |
| room | koty | kotɨ |
| door, gate | okẽ | okẽ |
| doorpost, jamb | okẽ'yke | okẽ-ʔɨke |
| lock (noun) | mbotyha | ᵐbotɨha |
| latch, door-bolt | okẽmbotyha | okẽᵐbotɨha |
| key | ||
| window | o(vetã) | o[vetã] |
| floor | yvy | ɨvɨ |
| wall | ogyke; (tapia) | oɣɨke; ['tapia] |
| fireplace | tatarenda | t-ata-reⁿda |
| stove | mbyakuha | ᵐbɨakuha |
| chimney | tatatĩsẽha | t-ata-tĩsẽha |
| ladder | jupiha | ǰupiha |
| bed | tupa; inimbe; tenimbe | t-upa; iniᵐbe; t-eniᵐbe |
| pillow | (aramboha) | [araᵐboha] |
| blanket | ahoja | ahoǰa |
| chair | apyka | apɨka |
| table | aripaka; (mesa) | aripaka; [mesa] |
| lamp, torch | mba'erendy; tataindy | ᵐbaʔereⁿdɨ; t-ata-iⁿdɨ |
| candle | tataindy | t-ata-iⁿdɨ |
| shelf | mba'ejokoha; (sov'rado) | ᵐbaʔeǰokoha; [sov'rado] |
| trough | ña'ẽguasu; ña'ẽyvyra | ɲaʔẽɣʷasu; ɲaʔẽ-ɨvɨra |
| roof | ogaho'i; ogahoja | oɣa-hoʔi; oɣa-hoǰa |
| thatch | ogaho'ikapi'i | oɣa-hoʔi-kapiʔi |
| ridgepole | ogakyvy; ogapyryta | oɣa-kɨvɨ; oɣapɨrɨta |
| rafter | yvyrapanda | ɨvɨrapaⁿda |
| beam | yvyrapanda | ɨvɨrapaⁿda |
| post, pole | yvyra'ygue | ɨvɨraʔɨɣʷe |
| board | yvyrape | ɨvɨrape |
| arch | mokarapã | mokarapã |
| mason | ogapohára; ogaapoha | oɣa-po'hara; oɣa-apoha |
| brick | ita'yvy | itaʔ-ɨvɨ |
| mortar | ||
| adobe | yvytambe | ɨvɨ-taᵐbe |
| farmer | chokokue | čokokue |
| field (for cultivation) | koga; kokue | koɣa; kokue |
| garden | yvotyty | ɨvotɨ-tɨ |
| cultivate, till | ño'ty; ñemitỹ | ɲo'tɨ; ɲemitɨ̃ |
| fence | (kora); to'kai | [kora]; t-o'kai |
| ditch | yvykuapuku | ɨvɨ-kua-puku |
| plow | yvyjo'o; (ara) | ɨvɨ-ǰoʔo; [ara] |
| furrow | yvyjo'o; tape | ɨvɨ-ǰoʔo; t-ape |
| dig | jo'o; mbo'yvykua | ǰoʔo; ᵐboʔ-ɨvɨ-kua |
| spade | sype | sɨpe |
| shovel | yvyjo'oha | ɨvɨ-ǰoʔoha |
| hoe | itasype | itasɨpe |
| fork | takamby | takaᵐbɨ |
| rake | typycha | tɨpɨča |
| sow | mosarambi; ñemitỹ; myasãi | mosaraᵐbi; ɲemitɨ̃; mɨasãi |
| seed | ta'ỹi | t-aʔɨ̃i |
| mow, reap | kytĩ; mbyaty; mono'õ | kɨtĩ; ᵐbɨatɨ; monoʔõ |
| sickle, scythe | kysety'ãi | kɨsetɨʔãi |
| thresh | jy'kyi; joka; ta'ỹi'o | ǰɨ'kɨi; ǰoka; t-aʔɨ̃i-ʔo |
| threshing-floor | oñemonguiva | oɲemoᵑgu'ʔiva |
| crop, harvest | mono'õmbyre; kogapo'o | monoʔõ-ᵐbɨre; 'koɣa-poʔo |
| grain (barley, oats etc) | ta'ỹi | t-aʔɨ̃i |
| wheat | avatimirĩ | avati-mirĩ |
| barley | avatiriku | avatiriku |
| rye | ||
| oats | ||
| maize, corn | avati | avati |
| rice | (arro) | [arro] |
| grass | ñana; kapi'ipe | ɲana; kapiʔipe |
| hay | kapi'i | kapiʔi |
| plant (noun) | ka'a; (mata); ñana | kaʔa; ['mata]; ɲana |
| plant (vb) | ñemitỹ | ɲemitɨ̃ |
| root | hapo; tapo | h-apo; t-apo |
| branch | rakã; takã; yvyrarakã | rakã; t-akã; ɨvɨra-rakã |
| leaf | togue | toɣʷe |
| flower | yvoty | ɨvotɨ |
| tree | yvyra | ɨvɨra |
| oak | ||
| beech | ||
| birch | ||
| pine | kuri'y | kuriʔɨ |
| fir | ||
| acorn | ||
| vine | ysypo | ɨsɨpo |
| tobacco | petỹ | petɨ̃ |
| smoke (tobacco) | petymotĩmbo; motimbo; (pita) | petɨ-motĩᵐbo; mo-tiᵐbo; [pita] |
| pipe | motimboha; (ka'chimbo) | motiᵐboha; [ka'čiᵐbo] |
| tree stump | yvyraypykue; yvyrara'y | ɨvɨra-ɨpɨkue; ɨvɨra-raʔɨ |
| tree trunk | yvyraropyta | ɨvɨra-ropɨta |
| forked branch | tokyta; (or'keta) | tokɨta; [or'keta] |
| bark | ape; pire | ape; pire |
| sap | yvyraysy; ysy | ɨvɨra-ɨsɨ; ɨsɨ |
| palm tree | karanda'y; mbokaja('mata) | karaⁿdaʔɨ; ᵐbokaǰa-['mata] |
| coconut | mbokaja'a | ᵐbokaǰaʔa |
| citrus fruit | yva hai; (lima)sutĩ; (narãha); limõ | ɨva hai; [lima]sutĩ; [narãha]; limõ |
| banana tree | pakova | pakova |
| sweet potato | jety | ǰetɨ |
| yam | ||
| tapioca, manioc, cassava | mandi'o | maⁿdiʔo |
| gourd | andai | aⁿdai |
| pumpkin, squash | kurapepẽ | kurapepẽ |
| bamboo | takuara | takuara |
| sugar cane | takuare'ẽ | takuareʔẽ |
| fish poison (root) | poha jukaha; popĩa | poha ǰukaha; popĩa |
| nettle | pyno | pɨno |
| mushroom | urupe | urupe |
| do, make | japo | ǰapo |
| work | mba'apo | ᵐbaʔapo |
| bend | mokarapã; pepy | mo-karapã; pepɨ |
| fold | mbojoyvy | ᵐbo-ǰoɨvɨ |
| tie, bind | mosã; ñapytĩ | mosã; ɲapɨtĩ |
| untie | jora; mosãso; poi | ǰora; mo-sãso; poi |
| chain | satã; itasã | satã; ita-sã |
| rope, cord | tukumbo; sã | tukuᵐbo; sã |
| knot (noun) | apokytã; akytã | apokɨtã; akɨtã |
| strike (hit, beat) | mbota | ᵐbota |
| pound with fist | joso | ǰoso |
| cut | kytĩ | kɨtĩ |
| cut down | (ai) ty; ity; mombe | (ai) tɨ; itɨ; moᵐbe |
| chop, hew | mboja'o; mbo'i | ᵐboǰaʔo; ᵐboʔi |
| stab | kutu | kutu |
| knife | kyse | kɨse |
| scissors, shears | jetapa | ǰetapa |
| ax | jyakãnga; (hacha) | ǰɨakãᵑga; ['hača] |
| adze | jyapa | ǰɨapa |
| break | jeka; joka; pẽ | ǰeka; ǰoka; pẽ |
| broken | opẽ; jokapyre; ñemopẽ | opẽ; ǰoka-pɨre; ɲe-mo-pẽ |
| split | joka; mbovo | ǰoka; ᵐbo-vo |
| tear | jeka; mondoro | ǰeka; mo-ⁿdoro |
| flay, skin | pire'o; piro | pire-ʔo; piro |
| rub, wipe | kyty; pichy | kɨtɨ; pičɨ |
| stretch | mbopuku | ᵐbo-puku |
| pull | myatã; muatã | mɨ-atã; mu-atã |
| spread out | pyso; myasãi; mosarambi | pɨso; mɨ-asãi; mo-saraᵐbi |
| hang up | mosaingo | mo-saiŋo |
| press | jopy; humbiri; poka | ǰopɨ; huᵐbiri; poka |
| squeeze, wring | jopy | ǰopɨ |
| pour | ñohẽ | ɲohẽ |
| wash | jo'hei | ǰo'hei |
| sweep | typei | tɨpei |
| broom | typycha | tɨpɨča |
| tool | tembiporu | t-eᵐbiporu |
| carpenter | yvyramba'apohára | ɨvɨraᵐbaʔapo'hara |
| build | jogapo | ǰoɣapo |
| bore | mbokua | ᵐbo-kua |
| hollow out | mopyko'ẽ | mo-pɨkoʔẽ |
| saw | mokychĩ'iha; kichi'ĩ | mokɨčĩʔiha; kičiʔĩ |
| hammer | mbotaha | ᵐbotaha |
| nail | itapygua; kutuha | itapɨɣʷa; kutuha |
| glue | mba'eaysy | ᵐbaʔeaɨsɨ |
| smith, blacksmith | itamba'apoha | itaᵐbaʔapoha |
| forge | japo | ǰapo |
| anvil | ñainupãha | ɲainupãha |
| cast (metals) | mboyku; membe | ᵐboɨku; meᵐbe |
| gold | kuarepotiju; itaju | kuarepoti-ǰu; ita-ǰu |
| silver | itatĩ; kuarepotitĩ | ita-tĩ; kuarepoti-tĩ |
| copper, bronze | ||
| iron | itakandua | itakaⁿdua |
| lead (noun) | itapo'hyi | itapo'hɨi |
| tin, tinplate | itambe | itaᵐbe |
| potter | ñai'ũavykyha | ɲaiʔũavɨkɨha |
| mold (clay etc) | ta'anga rapo; moha'anga | taʔaŋa rapo; mohaʔaŋa |
| clay | tuju | tuǰu |
| glass | ñeangecha | ɲeaᵑgeča |
| weave, plait | pyaha; ñopẽ | pɨaha; ɲopẽ |
| basket | ajaka | aǰaka |
| mat | piri | piri |
| rug | karuha; pyrũha | karuha; pɨrũha |
| netbag | voko | voko |
| fan (noun) | pejuha | peǰuha |
| fan (vb) | mboyvytu | ᵐboɨvɨtu |
| carve | moha'anga | mohaʔaᵑga |
| sculptor | moha'anga | mohaʔaŋa'hara |
| statue | tetera'anga | teteraʔaŋa |
| chisel | jykuasoka | ǰɨkuasoka |
| paint (noun) | mboparaha | ᵐbopara-ha |
| paint (vb) | mbopara | ᵐbopara |
| move | mo'myi; mongu'e | mo-'mɨi; mo-ŋuʔe |
| turn over | japaje'rei; japaro | ǰapaǰe'rei; ǰaparo |
| turn around | jere; mbojere | ǰere; ᵐbo-ǰere |
| wind, wrap | mboapakua; japakua | ᵐboapakua; ǰapakua |
| roll | japaje'rei; mbojere; mboapakua | ǰapaǰe'rei; ᵐboǰere; ᵐboapakua |
| drop (vb) | poi | poi |
| twist | poka | poka |
| rise | jupi | ǰupi |
| raise, lift | mopu'ã; mbojupi | mopuʔã; ᵐbo-ǰupi |
| fall | a | a |
| drip | tyky; mbogua | tɨkɨ; ᵐboɣʷa |
| throw | mombo; ity | moᵐbo; itɨ |
| catch (ball) | pyhy | pɨhɨ |
| shake | tyvyro; mbokacha | tɨvɨro; ᵐbokača |
| flow | syry | sɨrɨ |
| sink | moñapymi; mboyguy | mo-ɲapɨmi; ᵐbo-ɨɣʷɨ |
| float | ve'vui | ve'vui |
| swim | yta | ɨta |
| dive | ñapymi; sapymi | ɲapɨmi; sapɨmi |
| splash | hy'pyi | hɨ'pɨi |
| sail (vb) | guata ygape | ɣʷata ɨɣape |
| fly (vb) | veve | veve |
| blow | peju | peǰu |
| creep, crawl | poñy | poɲɨ |
| kneel | ñesũ | ɲesũ |
| crouch | jayvy | ǰa-ɨvɨ |
| slide, slip | pysyrỹi; pysyry | pɨsɨrɨ̃i; pɨsɨrɨ |
| jump, leap | (a)po; popo | (a)po; popo |
| kick | pyvoi | pɨvoi |
| dance | jeroky | ǰerokɨ |
| walk | guata | ɣʷata |
| limp | karẽ | karẽ |
| run | ñani | ɲani |
| go | (a)ha; ho | (a)ha; ho |
| go up | jupi | ǰu-pi |
| climb | jupi; (ñekarama) | ǰu-pi; [ɲekarama] |
| go down | guejy | ɣʷeǰɨ |
| go out | sẽ | sẽ |
| come | ju | ǰu |
| come back | jujey; jevy | ǰu-ǰeɨ; ǰevɨ |
| go away, depart | ho; po'i pygui | ho; poʔi 'pɨɣʷi |
| disappear | kañy | kaɲɨ |
| flee | kañy; guari; piã | kaɲɨ; ɣʷari; piã |
| follow | hohakyku'eri; moña; muña | hohakɨku'eri; moɲa; muɲa |
| pursue | moña | moɲa |
| reach, arrive | hupyty; guahẽ | hupɨtɨ; ɣʷahẽ |
| approach | mo'aguĩ | mo-ʔaɣʷĩ |
| enter | (a)ike | (a)ike |
| carry (bear) | raha; gueraha | raha; ɣʷe-raha |
| carry-in-hand | pope jereraha | pope ǰere-raha |
| carry-on-shoulder | a'pere jereraha | a'pere ǰere-raha |
| carry-on-head | aka ari jereraha | aka 'ari ǰere-raha |
| carry-underarm | gueraha jyva'guype | ɣʷeraha ǰɨva'ɣʷɨpe |
| bring | gueru; ru | ɣʷe-ru; ru |
| send | rahauka; mondo | rahauka; moⁿdo |
| lead (vb) | sambyhy; mboguata | saᵐbɨhɨ; ᵐbo-ɣʷata |
| drive | sambyhy | saᵐbɨhɨ |
| ride | guapy kavaju ari | ɣʷapɨ kavaǰu 'ari |
| push, shove | myaña; muaña | mɨaɲa; muaɲa |
| road | tape | t-ape |
| path | tape; tapepo'i | tape; t-ape-poʔi |
| bridge | yvyvorasaha | ɨvɨ-vorasaha |
| carriage, wagon, cart | mba'yru; (ka'rreta); kachape | ᵐbaʔɨru; [ka'rreta]; kačape |
| wheel | mba'ejere | ᵐbaʔe-ǰere |
| axle | jere'yva | ǰereʔɨva |
| yoke | apyryta; apiryta | apɨrɨta; apirɨta |
| ship | ygarata | ɨɣarata |
| boat | yga | ɨɣa |
| canoe | yga | ɨɣa |
| outrigger | itapa | itapa |
| raft | ygape | ɨɣape |
| oar | ygajyva; (patula) | ɨɣa-ǰɨva; [patula] |
| paddle (noun) | ygasojambyky | ɨɣasoǰaᵐbɨkɨ |
| row (vb) | py'kui | pɨ'kui |
| rudder | yga sambyhyha; ygakũ | ɨɣa saᵐbɨhɨha; ɨɣa-kũ |
| mast | yvavusu; ygarupa; nay | ɨvavusu; ɨɣa-rupa; naɨ |
| sail (noun) | ao yga mboguataha | ao ɨɣa ᵐboɣʷataha |
| anchor | ygamombytaha | ɨɣa-moᵐbɨtaha |
| harbor, port | yga guahẽha | ɨɣa ɣʷahẽha |
| land (vb) | sẽ y'gagui | sẽ ɨ'ɣaɣʷi |
| have | guereko; reko | ɣʷe-reko; reko |
| own, possess | mba'erereko | ᵐbaʔe-re-reko |
| take | japyhy; pyhy | ǰapɨhɨ; pɨhɨ |
| seize, grasp | pyhy; japyhy | pɨhɨ; ǰapɨhɨ |
| hold | pyhy | pɨhɨ |
| get, obtain | hupity; hupyty | hupitɨ; hupɨtɨ |
| keep, retain | ñongatu; kopuku | ɲoŋatu; kopuku |
| thing | mba'e | ᵐbaʔe |
| give | me'ẽ | meʔẽ |
| give back | me'ẽjey | meʔẽ-ǰeɨ |
| preserve, look after | ñongatu; ñangareko | ɲoŋatu; ɲaŋareko |
| save, rescue | pysyrõ | pɨsɨrõ |
| destroy | mbyai; mboku'i; mbokusugue | ᵐbɨ-ai; ᵐbo-kuʔi; ᵐbokusuɣʷe |
| harm, injure, damage | mbyai; haru | ᵐbɨ-ai; haru |
| seek, look for | heka | heka |
| find | juhu; (topa) | ǰuhu; [topa] |
| lose | kañy | kaɲɨ |
| release, let go | poi; so | poi; so |
| money | pirapire; viru | pira-pire; viru |
| coin | viru | viru |
| rich | mba'ererekoha; mba'ehetava | ᵐbaʔererekoha; ᵐbaʔe-hetava |
| poor | mboriahu; poriahu | ᵐboriahu; poriahu |
| beggar | tupamba'e'jara | tupa-ᵐbaʔe-'ǰara |
| avaricious, stingy | hakate'ỹva; takate'ỹ | h-akateʔɨ̃-va; takateʔɨ̃ |
| lend | puru; poruka | puru; poru-ka |
| borrow | puru; poru; jerure | puru; poru; ǰerure |
| owe | tepyme'ẽ va'erã | tepɨmeʔẽ vaʔerã |
| debt | tepyme'rã | t-epɨmeʔrã |
| pay (vb) | hepyme'ẽ | hepɨ-meʔẽ |
| account, reckoning | jepapa; mba'erepykue | ǰepapa; ᵐbaʔerepɨkue |
| tax, tribute | tembirepykue | teᵐbirepɨkue |
| hire | poru | poru |
| wages | tembiaporepy | teᵐbiaporepɨ |
| earn | mbiaty viru | ᵐbiatɨ viru |
| buy | jogua | ǰoɣʷa |
| sell | ñemu | ɲemu |
| trade, barter | mbyekovia; mbuekovia | ᵐbɨ-ekovia; ᵐbu-ekovia |
| merchant | omba'eñe'muva; ñemuhára | oᵐbaʔeɲe'muva; ɲemu-'hara |
| market (place) | ñemuha | ɲemuha |
| store, shop | ñemuha | ɲemu-ha |
| price | hepy; tepy; mba'erepy | h-epɨ; t-epɨ; ᵐbaʔerepɨ |
| dear (costly, expensive) | hepy | hepɨ |
| cheap | ndahe'pyi | ⁿda-he'pɨ-i |
| share (distribute) | mboja'o | ᵐbo-ǰaʔo |
| weigh | ha'ã | haʔã |
| after | uperire; u'pei; rire | uperire; u'pei; rire |
| behind | tapykue; tapy'kueri | t-apɨkue; t-apɨ'kueri |
| beside | y'kepe; y'pype | ɨ'ke-pe; ɨ'pɨ-pe |
| down, below | y'vype; guype | ɨ'vɨ-pe; 'ɣʷɨ-pe |
| before | tenonde; raẽ | t-enoⁿde; raẽ |
| front | tenondegua | t-enoⁿde-ɣʷa |
| inside, in | pype; koty'pype | pɨpe; kotɨ'pɨpe |
| outside | oka; o'kape | oka; o'ka-pe |
| under | i'gype; guype | i'ɣɨpe; 'ɣʷɨ-pe |
| up, above | yvate; ari | ɨvate; 'ari |
| place | tenda; mamo | t-eⁿda; mamo |
| put | moĩ | moĩ |
| sit | guapy | ɣʷapɨ |
| lie down | ñeno | ɲeno |
| stand | moñembo'y; pu'ã; ñembo'y | moɲeᵐboʔɨ; puʔã; ɲeᵐboʔɨ |
| remain, stay | pyta | pɨta |
| remains, left overs | tembyre | t-eᵐbɨre |
| collect, gather | mbyaty; mono'õ | ᵐbɨatɨ; monoʔõ |
| pick up | mono'õ | monoʔõ |
| pile up | mbyaty | ᵐbɨatɨ |
| join, unite | mono'õ; mbojuaju; mbyaty | monoʔõ; ᵐboǰuaǰu; ᵐbɨatɨ |
| separate | mbojei; pe'a | ᵐboǰei; peʔa |
| divide | mboja'o; mbovo | ᵐbo-ǰaʔo; ᵐbo-vo |
| open | pe'a | peʔa |
| shut, close | mboty | ᵐbotɨ |
| cover | ñua; ñuvã; jaho'i; mama | ɲua; ɲuvã; ǰahoʔi; mama |
| hide, conceal | ñomi; mokañy; ñemi | ɲomi; mo-kaɲɨ; ɲemi |
| high | yvate | ɨvate |
| low | karape; pe | karape; pe |
| top | ru'ã; tu'ã | r-uʔã; t-uʔã |
| bottom | tugua | t-uɣʷa |
| end | a'pyra; apy | a'pɨra; apɨ |
| pointed | hakua; akua | hakua; akua |
| edge | rembe'y; tembe; tembe'y | r-eᵐbeʔɨ; t-eᵐbe; t-eᵐbeʔɨ |
| side | yke | ɨke |
| middle, center | mbyte | ᵐbɨte |
| right (side) | aka'tua | aka'tua |
| left (side) | asu | asu |
| near (adv) | aguĩ | aɣʷĩ |
| far (adv) | mombyry | moᵐbɨrɨ |
| east | kuarahyresẽ | kuarahɨ-resẽ |
| west | kuarahyreike | kuarahɨ-reike |
| north | yvate gotyo | ɨvate ɣotɨo |
| south | yvy; yvy gotyo; ñemby | ɨvɨ; ɨvɨ ɣotɨo; ɲeᵐbɨ |
| grow | kakuaa | kakuaa |
| measure | ha'ã | haʔã |
| span, fathom | hupyty; mbope; pojepyso | hupɨtɨ; ᵐbope; po-ǰe-pɨso |
| large, big | tuicha; guasu | tuiča; ɣʷasu |
| small, little | michĩ | mičĩ |
| long | puku | puku |
| tall | yvate | ɨvate |
| short | mbyky | ᵐbɨkɨ |
| wide, broad | pe; py; pyguasu | pe; pɨ; pɨ-ɣʷasu |
| narrow | pyka'i; po'i | pɨkaʔi; poʔi |
| thick (in dimension) | poguasu; anambusu | poɣʷasu; anaᵐbusu |
| thin (in dimension) | po'i; pererĩ | poʔi; pererĩ |
| deep | pypuku; hypy | pɨ-puku; h-ɨpɨ |
| shallow | ndahy'pyi; karape; perẽrĩ | ⁿdahɨ'pɨi; karape; perẽrĩ |
| flat | apejoja; joja | apeǰoǰa; ǰoǰa |
| straight | ikare'ỹva; yvi | ikareʔɨ̃va; ɨvi |
| crooked | karẽ; vã | karẽ; vã |
| hook | tyãi; po'tai | tɨ'ʔãi; po'tai |
| corner | tugua | t-uɣʷa |
| cross | (kurusu) | [kurusu] |
| square | yke'irundy | ɨkeʔiruⁿdɨ |
| round | apu'a | apuʔa |
| circle | mba'eapu'a | ᵐbaʔea-puʔa |
| sphere, ball | mba'eapu'a | ᵐbaʔe-apuʔa |
| line | jepysojoja; hai | ǰepɨsoǰoǰa; hai |
| hole | kua | kua |
| like, similar | jogaha; joja; ojo'guava | ǰoɣaha; ǰoǰa; o-ǰo'ɣʷa-va |
| change | mo'ambue; guerova | mo-ʔaᵐbue; ɣʷerova |
| zero, nothing | papa'ỹ; mba'eve | papaʔɨ̃; ᵐbaʔeve |
| one | peteĩ | peteĩ |
| two | mokõi | mokõi |
| three | mbohapy | ᵐbohapɨ |
| four | irundy | iruⁿdɨ |
| five | po | po |
| six | poteĩ | poteĩ |
| seven | pokõi | pokõi |
| eight | poapy | po-apɨ |
| nine | porundy | poruⁿdɨ |
| ten | pa | pa |
| eleven | pateĩ | pateĩ |
| twelve | pakõi | pakõi |
| fifteen | papo | pa-po |
| twenty | mokõipa | mokõi-pa |
| hundred | sa | sa |
| thousand | su | su |
| count | papa | papa |
| every, all | mayma; opa; opavave; ñavõ | maɨma; opa; opavave; ɲavõ |
| much, many | heta | h-eta |
| more | ve; hetave | -ve; heta-ve |
| little (quantity), few | mbovy; michĩ | ᵐbovɨ; mičĩ |
| enough | he'tama; hetaporã | he'tama; heta-porã |
| some | mba'e | ᵐbaʔe |
| multitude, crowd | atyguasu; teta | atɨ-ɣʷasu; t-eta |
| full | henyhẽ | henɨhẽ |
| empty | nandi | naⁿdi |
| part, piece | pehẽngue; vore | pehẽ-ŋʷe; vore |
| half | ku'a; mbyte | kuʔa; ᵐbɨte |
| alone, only | año; nte; mante | aɲo; ⁿte; maⁿte |
| first | peteiha; peteĩha | peteiha; peteĩ-ha |
| last | ipahague; paha | ipahaɣʷe; pa-ha |
| second | mokõiha | mokõiha |
| pair | mokõi; kõi; (hunta) | mokõi; kõi; ['hunta] |
| two times | mokõi jevy | mokõi ǰevɨ |
| third | mbohapyha | ᵐbohapɨha |
| three times | mbohapy jevy | ᵐbohapɨ ǰevɨ |
| time | ara | ara |
| age | arajere | araǰere |
| new | pyahu | pɨahu |
| young | kyrỹi; mitã; pyahu | kɨrɨ̃i; mitã; pɨahu |
| old | tuja | tuǰa |
| early | voi | voi |
| late | ñembopyhare; ka'aru | ɲeᵐbopɨhare; kaʔaru |
| now | ãga; ko'ãga | ãɣa; ko'ãɣa |
| immediately | mandi; ko'ãgaite | maⁿdi; koʔãɣa-ite |
| swift, fast, quick | pya'e; hatã; voi | pɨaʔe; hatã; voi |
| slow | mbegue | ᵐbeɣʷe |
| hasten, hurry | (che) range a'havo; pya'e; tange | (če) raŋe a'havo; pɨaʔe; taŋe |
| retard, delay | mbo'are; are; mombuku | ᵐboʔare; are; mo-ᵐbuku |
| begin, beginning | ñepyrũ | ɲepɨrũ |
| last, endure | are | are |
| end (temporal) | paha | pa-ha |
| finish | mbopaha; pa | ᵐbo-paha; pa |
| cease, stop | mbopaha; pyta | ᵐbo-paha; pɨta |
| ready | ha'eve; pojava | haʔeve; poǰava |
| always | a'kointe; tapia; meme | a'koiⁿte; tapia; meme |
| often | manterei; py'ỹi | maⁿterei; pɨʔɨ̃i |
| sometimes | sapy'apy'a; a'mome | sapɨʔa-pɨʔa; a'mome |
| soon | pya'e; voi | pɨaʔe; voi |
| long-time (for a) | are | are |
| never | araka'eve | arakaʔeve |
| again | jevy; jey | ǰevɨ; ǰeɨ |
| day | ara | ara |
| night | pyhare | pɨhare |
| dawn | ko'ẽtĩ; ko'ẽ | koʔẽtĩ; koʔẽ |
| morning | pyhareve | pɨhare-ve |
| noon, midday | asaje; asajepyte | asaǰe; asaǰe-pɨte |
| afternoon | ka'aru | kaʔaru |
| evening | arete renondegua; ka'a'ruma | arete renoⁿdeɣʷa; kaʔa'ru-ma |
| today | koarape; koara | ko'ʔarape; ko'ʔara |
| tomorrow | ko'ẽrõ | koʔẽrõ |
| day-after-tomorrow | ko'ẽambuerõ | koʔẽ-aᵐbuerõ |
| yesterday | kuehe | kuehe |
| day-before-yesterday | kuehe'ambue; kokuehe | kuehe-ʔaᵐbue; ko-kuehe |
| hour | aravo | ara-vo |
| clock, timepiece | aravopapaha | aravo-papa-ha |
| week | arapokõity; araapopuku | ara-pokõitɨ; ara-apo-puku |
| Sunday | arateĩ; aretetapia | ara-teĩ; arete-tapia |
| Monday | arakõi | ara-kõi |
| Tuesday | araapy | ara-apɨ |
| Wednesday | ararundy | ara-ruⁿdɨ |
| Thursday | arapo | ara-po |
| Friday | arapoteĩ | ara-poteĩ |
| Saturday | arapokõi; (savaro) | ara-pokõi; [savaro] |
| month | jasyjere; jasy | ǰasɨ-ǰere; ǰasɨ |
| year | arajere; ro'y; ary | ara-ǰere; roʔɨ; arɨ |
| winter | araro'y | ara-roʔɨ |
| spring | arapotĩ; arahakuve | ara-potĩ; ara-hakuve |
| summer | arahaku | ara-haku |
| autumn | togue'a; ara ro'yve | toɣʷeʔa; 'ara roʔɨve |
| season | arajere | araǰere |
| smell (vb intrans) | hyakuã | h-ɨakuã |
| sniff | hetũhetũ | h-etũ-h-etũ |
| smell (vb trans) | andu; hetũ | aⁿdu; h-etũ |
| fragrant, good smelling | hyakuã porã; hyakuãvu | hɨakuã porã; h-ɨakuãvu |
| stinking, bad smelling | tyakuãvai; ne; katĩ | tɨakuãvai; ne; katĩ |
| taste | ha'ã; kũmby | h-aʔã; kũᵐbɨ |
| sweet | mba'ehe'ẽ; he'ẽ | ᵐbaʔe-heʔẽ; h-eʔẽ |
| salty | he'ẽjuky; he'ẽ | heʔẽǰukɨ; h-eʔẽ |
| bitter | ro | ro |
| acid, sour | hai | hai |
| brackish | he'ẽjuky | heʔẽǰukɨ |
| hear | hendu | h-eⁿdu |
| listen | hendu; japysaka | heⁿdu; ǰapɨsaka |
| sound, noise | pu; tyapu | pu; tɨapu |
| loud | hya'puva; ayvu; tyapu | hɨa'puva; aɨvu; tɨapu |
| quiet, silence | kirirĩ | kirirĩ |
| see | hecha | h-eča |
| look, look at | ma'ẽ; maña | maʔẽ; maɲa |
| show | hechauka | h-eča-uka |
| shine | vera | vera |
| bright | ve'rava | -ve'ra-va |
| color | sa'y | saʔɨ |
| light (in color) | hesakã; sakã | hesakã; sakã |
| dark (in color) | ypytũ | ɨ-pɨtũ |
| white | morotĩ | morotĩ |
| black | hũ | hũ |
| red | pytã | pɨtã |
| blue | hovy | hovɨ |
| green | hovy | hovɨ |
| yellow | sa'yju; ju | saʔɨ-ǰu; ǰu |
| touch | poko | poko |
| pinch | pichãi | pičãi |
| feel | andu; ñandu | aⁿdu; ɲaⁿdu |
| hard | hatã | hatã |
| soft | hu'ũ | huʔũ |
| rough | ko'rocho | ko'ročo |
| smooth | sỹi | sɨ̃i |
| sharp | haimbe | haiᵐbe |
| blunt, dull | hakua'ỹva; hainga | hakuaʔɨ̃va; haiŋa |
| heavy | po'hyi | po'hɨi |
| light (in weight) | ve'vui | ve'vui |
| wet, damp | hykue; akỹ | hɨkue; akɨ̃ |
| dry | kã | kã |
| hot | haku | h-aku |
| warm | hakuvy | haku-vɨ |
| cold | ro'y; hoysã | r-oʔɨ; h-o'ʔɨsã |
| clean | potĩ | potĩ |
| dirty, soiled | ky'a | kɨʔa |
| wrinkled | cha'ĩ | čaʔĩ |
| soul, spirit | anga; ã; pytu | aŋa; ã; pɨtu |
| surprised, astonished | ipy'a'ndyi; py'a'ndyi; juruja | ipɨʔa'ⁿdɨi; pɨʔa'ⁿdɨi; ǰuruǰa |
| good fortune, luck | po'a | poʔa |
| misfortune, bad luck | pane | pane |
| joyful, glad, happy | hory; vy'a | h-orɨ; vɨʔa |
| laugh | puka | puka |
| smile | pukavy | puka-vɨ |
| play | ñembosa'rai; mosarambi | ɲeᵐbosa'rai; mo-saraᵐbi |
| love | pota; hayhu | pota; h-aɨhu |
| kiss | hetũ; jurupyte | h-etũ; ǰuru-pɨte |
| embrace | añuã | aɲuã |
| pain | tasy | t-asɨ |
| grief, sorrow, sadness | ñembyasy | ɲe-ᵐbɨ-asɨ |
| anxiety, worry | angata; jepy'apy | aᵑgata; ǰe-pɨʔa-pɨ |
| regret, be sorry | jahe'o; mbyasy; rombyasy | ǰaheʔo; ᵐbɨasɨ; roᵐbɨasɨ |
| pity | poriahuvereko | poriahu-ve-reko |
| cry, weep | jahe'o; hasẽ | ǰaheʔo; h-asẽ |
| tear (noun) | tesay | t-esaɨ |
| groan | pyahẽ | pɨahẽ |
| hate | py'ako'õ; ro'yrõ; py'aro | pɨʔakoʔõ; roʔɨrõ; pɨʔa-ro |
| anger | pochy | počɨ |
| envy, jealousy | guerekose; py'arasy; takate'ỹ | ɣʷerekose; pɨʔa-rasɨ; t-akateʔɨ̃ |
| shame (noun) | otĩva reko; ñemotĩ | otĩva reko; ɲe-mo-tĩ |
| proud | ojeja'pova; ojero'vuva | o-ǰe-ǰa'po-va; o-ǰe-ro-'vu-va |
| dare | tova'atã; ñarõ | t-ova-ʔatã; ɲarõ |
| brave | py'aguasu | pɨʔa-ɣʷasu |
| fear, fright | kyhyje; py'amirĩ | kɨhɨǰe; pɨʔa-mirĩ |
| danger | kyhyjeha; mongyhyjeha | kɨhɨǰeha; mo-ŋɨhɨǰe-ha |
| desire, want | tembipota; pyaho; angata | teᵐbipota; pɨaho; aŋata |
| choose | poravo | poravo |
| hope | jerovia; ta'arõ | ǰe-rovia; t-aʔarõ |
| faithful | hekopete oi'kova | hekopete oi'kova |
| true | añe'teva; ete; ite; añetegua | aɲe'teva; ete; ite; aɲete-ɣʷa |
| lie, tell lies | japu | ǰapu |
| deceit | mbotavy; pokarẽ | ᵐbo-tavɨ; po-karẽ |
| forgive | ñembopochyhara; ñyrõ | ɲeᵐbopočɨhara; ɲɨrõ |
| good | marangatu; porã; py'aporã | maraᵑgatu; porã; pɨʔa-porã |
| bad | ñaña; aña | ɲaɲa; aɲa |
| right, correct | oĩporã; hekokatu; hekoporã | oĩporã; h-eko-katu; h-eko-porã |
| wrong | hekope'ỹ; oja'vyva | h-ekopeʔɨ̃; o-ǰa'vɨ-va |
| fault | jejavy | ǰe-ǰavɨ |
| mistake, error | jejavy; javy | ǰeǰavɨ; ǰavɨ |
| blame | jejavy; angaipa; marã | ǰeǰavɨ; aŋaipa; marã |
| praise | momorã; mbotuicha | momorã; ᵐbo-tuiča |
| beautiful | porã | porã |
| ugly | vai | vai |
| greedy | ika'ruva; karu; hyvatã'ỹ | ika'ruva; karu; hɨvatã-ʔɨ̃ |
| clever | katupyry; ha'eve | katupɨrɨ; haʔeve |
| mind | apytu'ũ; akãreñoigue; py'amongeta | apɨtuʔũ; akãreɲoiɣʷe; pɨʔa-moŋeta |
| think (= reflect) | akãngeta; mo'ã; jesareko | akãŋeta; moʔã; ǰesareko |
| think (= be of the opinion) | rovia; mo'ã | rovia; moʔã |
| believe | rovia | rovia |
| understand | hechakuaa; jekopyty | h-eča-kuaa; ǰekopɨtɨ |
| know | kuaa | kuaa |
| guess | kuaaraẽ | kuaaraẽ |
| imitate | ha'anga; ha'ã; hekora'ã | haʔaŋa; h-aʔã; h-eko-r-aʔã |
| seem | hi'ã; jogua | hiʔã; ǰoɣʷa |
| idea, notion | apytu'ũroky; temimo'ã | apɨtuʔũrokɨ; t-emi-moʔã |
| wise | iñara'nduva; arandu | iɲara'ⁿduva; araⁿdu |
| foolish, stupid | tavy; vyro | tavɨ; 'vɨro |
| insane, crazy | tarova | tarova |
| learn | ñemoarandu; tavy'o | ɲemoaraⁿdu; tavɨʔo |
| study | ñemoarandu | ɲe-mo-araⁿdu |
| teach | mbo'e | ᵐboʔe |
| pupil | temimbo'e | t-emi-ᵐboʔe |
| teacher | mbo'ehára | ᵐboʔe-'hara |
| school | mbo'ehao | ᵐboʔe-hao |
| remember | mandu'a | maⁿduʔa |
| forget | tesa'rai; resa'rai | t-esa'rai; r-esa'rai |
| clear, plain | tesakã | t-esakã |
| obscure | iñypytũ; pytũ | iɲɨpɨtũ; pɨtũ |
| secret | ñe'ẽñemi; herungua; ñemimby | ɲeʔẽ-ɲemi; heruŋʷa; ɲemiᵐbɨ |
| sure, certain | añete; katuetei | aɲete; katuetei |
| explain | mohesakã | mo-h-esakã |
| intention, purpose | py'apeteĩ; potapy; tembipota | pɨʔapeteĩ; pota-pɨ; t-eᵐbi-pota |
| cause | apoha; mo; mbo | apoha; mo; ᵐbo |
| doubt | py'aheta | pɨʔa-heta |
| suspect | kuaavy; ñemo'ã; mo'ãvai | kuaavɨ; ɲe-moʔã; moʔã-vai |
| betray | guasu'api; py'ajoyvy | ɣʷasuʔapi; pɨʔa-ǰoɨvɨ |
| need, necessity | kotevẽ; tekotevẽ | kotevẽ; t-ekotevẽ |
| easy | ndaha'syi | ⁿda-ha'sɨi |
| difficult | hasy | hasɨ |
| try, attempt | ha'ã | haʔã |
| way, manner | teko | teko |
| and | ha | ha |
| because | gui | ɣʷi |
| if | rõ; ramo | rõ; ramo |
| or | tẽra | tẽra |
| yes, affirmative | heẽ | heẽ |
| no, negative | na'haniri | na'haniri |
| how? | mbaeicha | ᵐba'ʔeiča |
| how many? | mbo'ypa | ᵐbo'ɨpa |
| how much? | mbo'ypa | ᵐbo'ɨpa |
| what? | mbaepa | ᵐba'ʔepa |
| when? | araka'e | arakaʔe |
| where? | moõ | moõ |
| which? | mava; mba'e | mava; ᵐba'e |
| who? | mavapa | mavapa |
| why? | mbaere | ᵐba'ʔere |
| voice | ñe'ẽ; ahy'o | ɲeʔẽ; ahɨʔo |
| sing | pura'hei | pura'hei |
| shout, cry out | sapu'kai | sapu'kai |
| whisper | ñe'ẽguyguy | ɲeʔẽ-ɣʷɨ-ɣʷɨ |
| mumble | ñerãisu'u; ñe'ẽngu; ñe'ẽtavy | ɲerãisuʔu; ɲeʔẽŋu; ɲeʔẽ-tavɨ |
| whistle | turuñe'ẽ | turu-ɲeʔẽ |
| shriek, screech | chiã; chia'ã | čiã; čiaʔã |
| howl | guahu | ɣʷahu |
| speak, talk | ñe'ẽ | ɲeʔẽ |
| stutter, stammer | ñe'ẽpytapyta; ñe'ẽpa'ã; kũmbe | ɲeʔẽ-pɨta-pɨta; ɲeʔẽ-paʔã; kũᵐbe |
| say | e; i; je | e; i; ǰe |
| tell story | mba'emombe'u; mombe'u | ᵐbaʔe-moᵐbeʔu; moᵐbeʔu |
| speech (make a) | ñemoñe'ẽ; jejuru'o | ɲe-mo-ɲeʔẽ; ǰe-ǰuru-ʔo |
| silent (be) | kirirĩ | kirirĩ |
| language | ñe'ẽ | ɲeʔẽ |
| word | ñe'ẽ | ɲeʔẽ |
| name | tera | t-era |
| ask (question, inquire) | porandu | poraⁿdu |
| answer | mboho'vai | ᵐboho'vai |
| admit, confess | moneĩ; ñemombe'u | moneĩ; ɲe-moᵐbeʔu |
| deny | mbotove | ᵐbo-tove |
| ask, request | jerure | ǰerure |
| promise | ñe'ẽme'ẽ | ɲeʔẽ-meʔẽ |
| refuse | tove | tove |
| forbid | ndojehe'jai; jejapo'ỹva'erã | ⁿdoǰehe'ǰai; ǰe-ǰapo-ʔɨ̃-vaʔerã |
| rebuke, scold | mbokavaju; ja'o; korõi | ᵐbokavaǰu; ǰaʔo; korõi |
| call (=summon) | he'noi | h-e'noi |
| call (=name) | tera; rera | t-era; 'r-era |
| announce | momarandu | mo-maraⁿdu |
| threaten | ja'o; ha'anga | ǰaʔo; haʔaŋa |
| boast | jerovu; jejapo | ǰe-ro-vu; ǰe-ǰapo |
| write | hai | hai |
| read | moñe'ẽ | mo-ɲeʔẽ |
| paper | kuatia | kuatia |
| pen | haiha | hai-ha |
| book | kuatiañe'ẽ | kuatia-ɲeʔẽ |
| poet | ñe'ẽyvotyhára; ñe'ẽpa'para | ɲeʔẽ-ɨvotɨ'hara; ɲeʔẽ-pa'pa-ra |
| flute | mimby | miᵐbɨ |
| drum | angu'atara; angu'atarara | aᵑguʔa-tara; aŋuʔa-tarara |
| horn, trumpet | turu | turu |
| rattle | yvyrapu; katakata | ɨvɨra-pu; kata-kata |
| country | tetã | t-etã |
| one's native country | tetã | t-etã |
| city, town | tava; tavaguasu | tava; tava-ɣʷasu |
| village | tava | tava |
| boundary | tembe'y; apy; a'pyra | teᵐbeʔɨ; apɨ; a'pɨra |
| people (populace) | yvy'pora; tetãyguaaty | ɨvɨ-'pora; t-etã-ɨɣʷa-atɨ |
| tribe, clan | ava'a'tyra; te'ỹi | avaʔa'tɨra; teʔɨ̃i |
| chief, chieftain | mburuvicha | ᵐburuviča |
| staff, walking stick | pokoka; jejokoha | pokoka; ǰeǰokoha |
| rule, govern | sãmbyky; sambyhy; jo'kuai | sãᵐbɨkɨ; saᵐbɨhɨ; ǰo'kuai |
| king, ruler | tetãrendota; tendota | tetãreⁿdota; teⁿdota |
| queen | kuñaporã; tendota kuña | kuɲa-porã; teⁿdota kuɲa |
| noble, nobleman | angaturã; marangatu | aŋaturã; maraŋatu |
| citizen, subject | tavaygua; tetãgua; po'guypegua | tavaɨɣʷa; t-etã-ɣʷa; po-'ɣʷɨ-pe-ɣʷa |
| master | jara; terekua | ǰara; t-erekua |
| slave | tembijo'kuai | teᵐbiǰo'kuai |
| servant | tembi'guai; (servi)ha | t-eᵐbi'ɣʷai; [servi]-ha |
| freeman | kuimba'e ha'eño; karai | kuiᵐbaʔe haʔeɲo; karai |
| command, order | guerahauka; mondo; jejapouka | ɣʷerahauka; moⁿdo; ǰeǰapouka |
| obey | ñe'ẽrendu; mbo'aje | ɲeʔẽ-reⁿdu; ᵐboʔaǰe |
| let, permit | heja | h-eǰa |
| friend, companion | angirũ; irũ | aᵑgirũ; irũ |
| enemy | ndoporohay'huiva; ja'e'ỹ; rayhu'ỹ; iru'ỹ | ⁿdoporohaɨ'huiva; ǰaʔeʔɨ̃; r-aɨhuʔɨ̃; iruʔɨ̃ |
| neighbor | ogaykegua; ogapypega; ykeregua | oɣa-ɨkeɣʷa; oɣa-pɨpe-ɣa; ɨke-re-ɣʷa |
| stranger | pytagua | pɨtaɣʷa |
| guest | mbohupa | ᵐbo-hupa |
| host | mombytahára; mbohuparã | moᵐbɨta'hara; ᵐbo-hupa-rã |
| help, aid | pytyvõ | pɨtɨvõ |
| hinder, prevent | joko; mopa'ã | ǰoko; mopaʔã |
| custom | jepokuaa; teko | ǰepokuaa; t-eko |
| strife, quarrel | ñorairõ | ɲorairõ |
| conspiracy, plot | ñepu'ãse; guyryry | ɲe-puʔã-se; ɣʷɨrɨrɨ |
| meet | juhu; ñuguaitĩ | ǰuhu; ɲuɣʷaitĩ |
| prostitute | kuñarekovai | kuɲa-reko-vai |
| fight (vb) | ñorairõ | ɲorairõ |
| war, battle | ñorairõ; ñorairo guasu | ɲorairõ; ɲorairo ɣʷasu |
| peace | py'aguapy | pɨʔa-ɣʷapɨ |
| army | guarinieta | ɣʷarinieta |
| soldier | tetãrembi'guai | tetãreᵐbi'ɣʷai |
| weapons, arms | pojoapy | poǰoapɨ |
| club | vororei; takape | vororei; takape |
| battle-ax | jiakãngua ñorãirõrã; akãngu | ǰiakãŋʷa ɲorãirõrã; akãŋʷ |
| sling | itasã | itasã |
| bow | yvyrapa; guyrapa | ɨvɨrapa; ɣʷɨrapa |
| arrow | hu'y | huʔɨ |
| spear | hu'y; mimbuku | huʔɨ; miᵐbuku |
| sword | kysepuku | kɨse-puku |
| gun, cannon | mboka | ᵐboka |
| armor (defensive) | temiñua | temiɲua |
| helmet | akangaovata | akaŋaovata |
| shield | ta'anga | taʔaŋa |
| fortress | tekombarete | tekoᵐbarete |
| tower | itapurenda | itapureⁿda |
| victory | pu'akã; akãrapu'ã | puʔakã; akã-rapuʔã |
| defeat | pu'aka hese; mbuepoti | puʔaka hese; ᵐbue-poti |
| attack | kaguai; rairõ | kaɣʷai; rairõ |
| defend | mo'ã; ñuvã | moʔã; ɲuvã |
| retreat | ñemoha'eño; guari; piã | ɲemohaʔeɲo; ɣʷari; piã |
| surrender | motindy; ñemoĩpo'guype | motiⁿdɨ; ɲemoĩ-po'ɣʷɨ-pe |
| captive, prisoner | monambipyre; tembijo'kuai | mo-naᵐbi-pɨre; teᵐbi-ǰo'kuai |
| guard, sentinel | maña'ndara; maña'ndava | maɲa'ⁿdara; maɲa'ⁿdava |
| booty, spoils | hejapyre | heǰapɨre |
| ambush | moñuhã; hapera'arõ | mo-ɲuhã; hape-r-aʔarõ |
| fisherman | pirakutuha | pira-kutu-ha |
| fishhook | pinda | piⁿda |
| fishing line | pira mosãha | pira mosãha |
| fishnet | pyha; pirañuhã | pɨha; pira-ɲuhã |
| fish trap | piraro'kai | pira-ro'kai |
| bait | so'okyra; pirarembi'u | soʔokɨra; pira-reᵐbiʔu |
| hunt | guyra'api; tymbaapi; (mariska) | ɣʷɨraʔapi; t-ɨᵐba-api; [mariska] |
| shoot | ha'ã; japi; mbokapu | haʔã; ǰapi; ᵐbokapu |
| miss (target) | javy; ndo'koi | ǰavɨ; ⁿdo'koi |
| trap (noun) | ñuhã | ɲuhã |
| trap (vb) | popa'ã | po-paʔã |
| law | tekorape | tekorape |
| court | mohenda renda | moheⁿda reⁿda |
| judge (vb) | mohenda; mo'ã | moheⁿda; moʔã |
| judgment | tekojoja rembiapo; ñemohenda | tekoǰoǰa reᵐbiapo; ɲemoheⁿda |
| judge (noun) | mohendahára; yvyra'jara; yvyraja | moheⁿda'hara; ɨvɨra-'ǰara; ɨvɨraǰa |
| plaintiff | jojarekaha | ǰoǰarekaha |
| defendant | mo'ãhára; jekaguaiha | moʔã'hara; ǰekaɣʷaiha |
| witness | hechahare; henduhare | h-eča-hare; h-eⁿdu-hare |
| swear | tupãngy'a; ñe'ẽme'ẽ | tupãŋɨʔa; ɲeʔẽmeʔẽ |
| oath | ñe'ẽme'ẽ | ɲeʔẽmeʔẽ |
| accuse | mombe'u | moᵐbeʔu |
| condemn | moanngaipa; mboja | moanᵑgaipa; ᵐbo-ǰa |
| convict (vb) | jejavychauka | ǰeǰavɨčauka |
| acquit | jora; moñyrõ | ǰora; mo-ɲɨrõ |
| guilty | iñangai'pava; angai'pava; marãva | iɲaŋai'pava; aŋai'pa-va; marã-va |
| innocent | ipy'apotĩva; marãỹ; angaipa'ỹ | ipɨʔapotĩva; marã-ɨ̃; aŋaipaʔɨ̃ |
| penalty, punishment | ñenupã; mbyepoti | ɲe-nupã; ᵐbɨepoti |
| fine | pyhorepykue | pɨho-repɨ-kue |
| prison, jail | yvyrakua; ka'irãi | ɨvɨra-kua; kaʔirãi |
| murder | jejukarei; jejuka | ǰeǰukarei; ǰe-ǰuka |
| adultery | momokõi | momokõi |
| rape | ñerairõ | ɲe-rairõ |
| arson | jehapy | ǰehapɨ |
| perjury | ñe'ẽme'ẽgua'u | ɲeʔẽ-meʔẽ-ɣʷaʔu |
| steal | monda; javyky | moⁿda; ǰavɨkɨ |
| thief | mondaha; sope; popinda | moⁿda-ha; sope; po-piⁿda |
| religion | tupãrape; jerovia | tupãrape; ǰe-rovia |
| God | ñande'jara; tupã | ɲaⁿde-'ǰara; tupã |
| temple, church | tupão | tupão |
| altar | itakarai | itakarai |
| sacrifice, offering | temikuave'ẽkarai; mongaraipy | temi-kuaveʔẽ-karai; mo-ŋarai-pɨ |
| worship | tupaitũ | tupaitũ |
| pray | ñembo'e | ɲeᵐboʔe |
| priest | pa'i; avare | paʔi; avare |
| holy, sacred | marangatu; karai | maraŋatu; karai |
| preach | ñemoñe'ẽ | ɲe-mo-ɲeʔẽ |
| bless | hovasa; mongarai | h-ovasa; mo-ŋarai |
| curse | ñe'ẽngai | ɲeʔẽŋai |
| fast (vb) | karu'i; karu'y | karu-ʔi; karuʔɨ |
| heaven | y'vaga | ɨ'vaɣa |
| hell | añaretã | aɲa-r-etã |
| demon (evil spirit) | aña; ahẽ; mba'epochy | aɲa; ahẽ; ᵐbaʔe-počɨ |
| idol | tembirayhuvete | teᵐbiraɨhuvete |
| magic, witchcraft, sorcery | paje | paǰe |
| sorcerer, witch | avapaje; kuñapaje | ava-paǰe; kuɲa-paǰe |
| fairy, elf | ja'ryi; pora | ǰa'rɨi; 'pora |
| ghost, phantom | pora | pora |
| omen, portent | ra'uvõ; ta'uvo | r-aʔuvõ; t-aʔuvo |